Converging evidence from animal and human subject studies supports the hypothesis that endogenous stress hormones (e.g., epinephrine, cortisol) interact with the amygdala to modulate explicit memory consolidation for emotionally arousing events. Our recent work involving human subjects has developed this theoretical framework in several ways. Most relevant to this proposal, we found that post-learning stress hormone activation does not uniformly enhance long-term memory consolidation; rather, that it interacts with the degree of arousal at initial encoding of a stimulus to modulate consolidation. We have also demonstrated a relationship between spontaneous, intrusive recollections after viewing emotional films and the strength of long-term memory for the films. Finally, we have uncovered pronounced sex-related influences on brain and hormonal mechanisms of emotional memory. The primary goal of this proposal is to conduct cognitive and neurobiological studies to better understand brain and hormone mechanisms regulating consolidation of emotional memory. The specific experimental aims build on our recent findings, and fall into one of three general sections. The first section will examine stress- and sex-hormone mechanisms underlying enhanced memory consolidation induced by cold pressor stress. The second section will examine adrenocortical and adrenomedullary involvement in the relationship we have found between spontaneous, intrusive recollections after viewing emotional films and strength of memory for the films. The third section will use PET scanning and Structural Equation Modeling (""""""""Path Analysis"""""""") to identify brain regions with which the amygdala interacts to influence emotional memory. Each of these studies will be conducted independently on women and men. Collectively, these investigations should substantially advance our understanding of how brain and hormone systems interact to regulate explicit memory consolidation for emotionally stressful events. In so doing they should further close the gap that exists between our knowledge of """"""""normal"""""""" brain memory mechanisms for emotional events, and of pathological mechanisms following emotionally traumatic experiences that are central to the etiology of disorders such as Clinical Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH057508-09
Application #
7227023
Study Section
Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Emotion, Stress and Health Study Section (MESH)
Program Officer
Simmons, Janine M
Project Start
1998-05-01
Project End
2009-04-30
Budget Start
2007-05-01
Budget End
2008-04-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$283,890
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Irvine
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
046705849
City
Irvine
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92697
Petersen, Nicole; Cahill, Larry (2015) Amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli is influenced by oral contraceptive use. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 10:1266-72
Petersen, Nicole; Touroutoglou, Alexandra; Andreano, Joseph M et al. (2015) Oral contraceptive pill use is associated with localized decreases in cortical thickness. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2644-54
Nielsen, Shawn E; Ahmed, Imran; Cahill, Larry (2014) Postlearning stress differentially affects memory for emotional gist and detail in naturally cycling women and women on hormonal contraceptives. Behav Neurosci 128:482-93
Petersen, Nicole; Kilpatrick, Lisa A; Goharzad, Azaadeh et al. (2014) Oral contraceptive pill use and menstrual cycle phase are associated with altered resting state functional connectivity. Neuroimage 90:24-32
Nielsen, Shawn E; Segal, Sabrina K; Worden, Ian V et al. (2013) Hormonal contraception use alters stress responses and emotional memory. Biol Psychol 92:257-66
Nielsen, Shawn E; Ahmed, Imran; Cahill, Larry (2013) Sex and menstrual cycle phase at encoding influence emotional memory for gist and detail. Neurobiol Learn Mem 106:56-65
Andreano, Joseph M; Waisman, James; Donley, Lisa et al. (2012) Effects of breast cancer treatment on the hormonal and cognitive consequences of acute stress. Psychooncology 21:1091-8
Ferree, Nikole K; Wheeler, Malinda; Cahill, Larry (2012) The influence of emergency contraception on post-traumatic stress symptoms following sexual assault. J Forensic Nurs 8:122-30
Ferree, Nikole K; Kamat, Rujvi; Cahill, Larry (2011) Influences of menstrual cycle position and sex hormone levels on spontaneous intrusive recollections following emotional stimuli. Conscious Cogn 20:1154-62
Ertman, Nicole; Andreano, Joseph M; Cahill, Larry (2011) Progesterone at encoding predicts subsequent emotional memory. Learn Mem 18:759-63

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