Recognizing objects is a fundamental cognitive ability, e.g., for reading or social communication, and its loss or impairment is associated with a number of neural disorders. For example, many studies have shown that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are impaired in face recognition, possibly contributing to their difficulty in social interaction. Differences in social cognition are one of the defining features of autism. However, the precise nature of the differences in the neural mechanisms of face processing seen in autism has been difficult to study and its relationship to social behavior is unknown. While our understanding of the network of brain areas underlying human face perception has advanced considerably, current models are still qualitative and treat processing within specific brain areas as """"""""black boxes"""""""". To understand the graded (rather than all-or-none) recognition deficits and to identify targets for therapeutic intervention, a quantitative and mechanistic model of the neural computations underlying face perception is required that rigorously links visual stimuli to neural activation and behavior. The purpose of the proposed project is to explore the neural mechanisms of face processing in typically developing and autistic individuals using an integrated approach based on a tight interaction of computational modeling of neural processing in the brain areas underlying human face recognition and of model-driven behavioral and fMRI experiments. In particular, the model motivates experiments to probe the face representation in typically developing and ASD subjects, and to mechanistically link differences in behavior and fMRI to differences at the level of neural processing -providing insight into the neural causes of the observed face recognition deficits along with an opportunity to evaluate current theories of neural processing differences in ASD. In a second part of the study, the model will drive experiments to study high-level plasticity and perceptual learning in typically developing and autistic individuals. This will not only leverage the insights from face perception to explore more general differences between the two subject groups, but is also expected to provide a foundation for remediation efforts. The relevance of this research to public health lies in its direct application of the results of this research program to achieve a better understanding of impairments found within and outside the autism spectrum.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH076281-02
Application #
7116814
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IFCN-B (50))
Program Officer
Glanzman, Dennis L
Project Start
2005-09-01
Project End
2008-08-31
Budget Start
2006-09-01
Budget End
2007-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$251,854
Indirect Cost
Name
Georgetown University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
049515844
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20057
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Jiang, Xiong; Rosen, Ezra; Zeffiro, Thomas et al. (2006) Evaluation of a shape-based model of human face discrimination using FMRI and behavioral techniques. Neuron 50:159-72