Worldwide data suggest that migrants are at increased risk of HIV infection. The high rates of HIV infection and the mobility of migrant populations make migrants a living bridge to spread the AIDS virus between the countries/places of origin and the countries/places of destination. Research findings indicate that the increased HIV infection among migrants is associated their high prevalence of HIV risk behaviors (substance use and risky sex), which in turn, are determined by socioenvironmental and situational factors. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which environmental factors lead to HIV risk behavior. Guided by the Social Capital Theory, in this project, we propose to test two hypothesized mechanisms that may link social influences to HIV risk behavior among migrants - the lack of social support (including informational, instrumental and emotional) and the weakening of informal social control (including collective efficacy and normative beliefs). Rural migrants lost their social capital (defined as durable, resource-rich, trustworthy, and reciprocal network connections a person accumulated) deeply rooted in the place of rural origin and they may experience difficulties rebuilding social capital in the urban destination due to their low socioeconomic status. Migrants with limited social capital may then experience difficulties obtaining informational, instrumental, and emotional support to establish their career and life in the stressful urban settings;consequently use of substance becomes an attractive and convenient option. The lack of social capital may also make migrants less responsive to the social capital-based collective efficacy (volunteer actions by community members against deviate behaviors that may devalue the community), increasing the likelihood to engage in sexual risk behavior. When rebuilding social capital, migrants may adopt more liberal attitudes and more open values about sex, leading to sexual risk behavior. Exposure to more opportunities in urban settings will further exacerbate the likelihood. The low SES of female migrants may explain the higher HIV risk among them than among their male counterparts. The unprecedented rural-to-urban migration in China with the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic and the high prevalence of HIV risk behavior among rural migrants provide a window opportunity to investigate these issues. We will conduct the proposed research in Wuhan, China, a metropolitan city and provincial capital with a population of 8.1 million and one million rural migrants. The proposed research is highly significant and very innovative. Data for the proposed research will be collected using probability samples. The study samples will be selected using cost-effective methods supported by the GIS/GPS technology and a sample of 1200 rural migrants will be contrasted with the same number of non- migrant residents in the rural areas from where rural migrants originate and non-migrant residents in the urban areas where the rural migrants are currently living and working. In addition to survey data, sexually transmitted infections will also be assessed. We expected that findings from this research will advance our understanding of the migration-related HIV/AIDS transmission and provide needed data supporting our next step of research - devising and implementing innovative programs for HIV prevention.

Public Health Relevance

In this project, we propose to examine social capital and its relationship with HIV risk behavior and sexually transmitted infection among rural migrants in China using a random sample. This research is fully relevant to public health because the expected findings from this study will provide data supporting innovative HIV/AIDS prevention among Chinese rural migrants as well as migrants in general - a significant and global strategy in the era of frequent domestic and international population migration in response to globalization and the developmental disparities in the 21st century.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH086322-03
Application #
8245175
Study Section
Behavioral and Social Science Approaches to Preventing HIV/AIDS Study Section (BSPH)
Program Officer
Pequegnat, Willo
Project Start
2010-07-15
Project End
2015-01-31
Budget Start
2012-02-01
Budget End
2013-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$323,305
Indirect Cost
$81,983
Name
Wayne State University
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001962224
City
Detroit
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48202
Chen, Xinguang; Yu, Bin; Gong, Jie et al. (2018) Social Capital Associated with Quality of Life Mediated by Employment Experiences: Evidence from a Random Sample of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China. Soc Indic Res 139:327-346
Yu, Bin; Chen, Xinguang; Yan, Yaqiong et al. (2017) Migration Stress, Poor Mental Health, and Engagement in Sex with High-Risk Partners: A Mediation Modeling Analysis of Data from Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China. Sex Res Social Policy 14:467-477
Wang, Yan; Chen, Xinguang; Gong, Jie et al. (2016) Relationships Between Stress, Negative Emotions, Resilience, and Smoking: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Subst Use Misuse 51:427-38
Guo, Yan; Chen, Xinguang; Gong, Jie et al. (2016) Association between Spouse/Child Separation and Migration-Related Stress among a Random Sample of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in Wuhan, China. PLoS One 11:e0154252
Li, Haochu; Chen, Xinguang; Yu, Bin (2016) Disclosure appraisal mediating the association between perceived stigma and HIV disclosure to casual sex partners among HIV+ MSM: a path model analysis. AIDS Care 28:722-5
Chen, Xinguang; Wang, Yan; Li, Fang et al. (2015) Development and Evaluation of the Brief Sexual Openness Scale-A Construal Level Theory Based Approach. PLoS One 10:e0136683
Wang, Yan; Chen, Xinguang (2015) Stress and alcohol use in rural Chinese residents: A moderated mediation model examining the roles of resilience and negative emotions. Drug Alcohol Depend 155:76-82
Chen, Xinguang; Wang, Peigang; Wegner, Rhiana et al. (2015) Measuring Social Capital Investment: Scale Development and Examination of Links to Social Capital and Perceived Stress. Soc Indic Res 120:669-687
Wei, Shanbo; Chen, Xinguang; Li, Gang et al. (2014) Sexually transmitted infections among migrants' wives remaining in rural homes - a pilot study of the remaining women in rural Wuhan, China. Health Psychol Behav Med 2:82-87
Yan, Yaqiong; Jacques-Tiura, Angela J; Chen, Xinguang et al. (2014) Application of the protection motivation theory in predicting cigarette smoking among adolescents in China. Addict Behav 39:181-8

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