Deficits in social functioning are a hallmark of schizophrenia, the major cause of long-term disability in this disorder, and remain refractory to currently available antipsychotic medications. Social dysfunction in schizophrenia has been strongly linked to impaired social cognition, a set of cognitive abilities that include emotion recognition, attributional style and theory of mind. Oxytocin (OT) has been shown by decades of animal research to have numerous pro-social effects. OT also exerts antipsychotic-like efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia. In recent human studies, intranasal administration of OT increased interpersonal trust and eye contact as well as improved emotion recognition and theory of mind in normal subjects. Based on these prior findings, we hypothesized that OT treatment may improve social deficits and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. In a 2-wk randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, we found that twice daily intranasal administration of OT (N=8), but not placebo (N=6), significantly 1) decreased PANSS total scores as well as scores on suspiciousness and other social function-relevant PANSS items, 2) decreased subject ratings on the Paranoia Scale and 3) improved accurate identification of second order false beliefs in the Br|ne test of theory of mind, among patients with schizophrenia. We now propose a 12-wk treatment trial to determine over this more clinically relevant period whether OT treatment will 1) further improve social cognition, 2) improve social functioning and 3) further decrease other psychotic symptoms. The proposed research is a unique translational collaboration between a basic behavior neuroscientist with expertise in OT (Dr. Cort Pedersen) and an applied research scientist with expertise in social cognition and psychosocial treatment in schizophrenia (Dr. David Penn). This project may demonstrate that OT has therapeutic effects that are superior to current antipsychotic medications (especially improvement in social cognition and social functioning) and open a new front in the investigation of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Public Health Relevance

This study may demonstrate that oxytocin treatment in schizophrenia is uniquely effective in improving deficits in social cognition (mental abilities necessary for interacting effectively with other people) and deficits in social function. These deficits are the primary causes of disability in this disorder and are not responsive to current antipsychotic medications. Improving social cognition and function with oxytocin treatment may enable patients to more successfully obtain and maintain employment, form and sustain social relationships and live more rewarding lives. Successful outcomes in this study would also lead to new lines of oxytocin- focused research into the biological basis of schizophrenia.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH093529-02
Application #
8258234
Study Section
Adult Psychopathology and Disorders of Aging Study Section (APDA)
Program Officer
Hillefors, MI
Project Start
2011-04-15
Project End
2014-01-31
Budget Start
2012-02-01
Budget End
2013-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$540,743
Indirect Cost
$173,047
Name
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
608195277
City
Chapel Hill
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27599
Halverson, Tate; Jarskog, L Fredrik; Pedersen, Cort et al. (2018) Effects of oxytocin on empathy, introspective accuracy, and social symptoms in schizophrenia: A 12-week twice-daily randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res :
Jarskog, L Fredrik; Pedersen, Cort A; Johnson, Jacqueline L et al. (2017) A 12-week randomized controlled trial of twice-daily intranasal oxytocin for social cognitive deficits in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 185:88-95
Gibson, Clare M; Penn, David L; Smedley, Kelly L et al. (2014) A pilot six-week randomized controlled trial of oxytocin on social cognition and social skills in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 156:261-5
Pedersen, Cort A (2014) Schizophrenia and alcohol dependence: diverse clinical effects of oxytocin and their evolutionary origins. Brain Res 1580:102-23
Pedersen, Cort A; Chang, Steven W C; Williams, Christina L (2014) Evolutionary perspectives on the role of oxytocin in human social behavior, social cognition and psychopathology. Brain Res 1580:1-7
Pedersen, Cort A; Gibson, Clare M; Rau, Shane W et al. (2011) Intranasal oxytocin reduces psychotic symptoms and improves Theory of Mind and social perception in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 132:50-3