The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework is a heuristic approach to integrate neuroscience with psychopathology. Thus, RDoC is the attempt to develop constructs that (a) connect across units of analysis, (b) are applicable across established diagnostic criteria, and (c) are a point of departure to provide measurable constructs that will be useful to gain a deeper understanding of psychiatric conditions. However, the lack of reliable, robust latent constructs derived from experimental measures is a critical barrier to organizing mental disorders along dimensions that can be mapped onto multiple units of analysis. We focus on the positive and negative valence system domains proposed by the RDoC using self-report, behavior, physiology, and neural circuit unit of analysis measures, apply them to a clinical population of individuals with anxiety or depression recruited from primary care clinics across two sites, and apply latent variable analysis to derive latent constructs of positiv and negative valence systems functioning that cut across units of analyses.
The specific aims of the proposal are: (1) To recruit, assess, and analyze self-report, behavioral, physiological, and neural circuit unit of analysis data in an exploratory sample from a cohort of n=100 treatment seeking individuals presenting to primary care clinics at UCSD and UCLA. (2) To obtain a confirmatory sample of n=100 subjects at both sites using the same measurement approaches to determine the reproducibility and robustness of the latent constructs obtained from the exploratory sample. (3) To obtain a reliability sample of n=50 individuals at UCSD and UCLA that will be re-tested within a month to determine the reliability of the latent constructs. This wll be the first time neural indices of positive valence and negative valence are investigated within the same broadly defined sample of anxious or depressed patients. Extant studies of neural processes in emotional disorders are limited to relatively small sample sizes. By combining resources across two sites, we will recruit a large enough sample to conduct more comprehensive analyses than ever before achieved. Once the proposed aims are completed, we will have a robust and reliable dimensional set of variables that quantify the positive and negative valence domains based on a latent variable approach. These variables capture clinical variance and will have been obtained from two different clinical sites to provide empirical evidence of the generality of the negative and positive valence domains. These variables will subsequently be used to determine whether (a) they can be used as predictors for how well an individual will respond to pharmacological or behavioral treatment; (b) they can be differentially responsive to therapies that are specifically aimed at modifying the positive or negative valence systems, and (c) they can be used in subsequent computational and/or neural process models of anxiety and depression to gain a more fundamental understanding of the pathology that occurs in these individuals.

Public Health Relevance

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and disabling conditions that frequently co-occur, and are costly to the individual and society. Despite important advances in our understanding of these disorders, there is a significant unmet need to identify reliable, empirically validated tests with clinical utility that can predict prognosis, inorm treatment choice for a given individual, and improve treatment outcomes. The aim of this project is to fill this critical gap by validating a battery of measures including brain imaging, psychophysiology, behavior, and self-report that will reliably assess positive and negative valence system functioning in a broad sample of individuals referred for treatment of anxiety and/or depression.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH101453-03
Application #
8867287
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZMH1-ERB-S (04))
Program Officer
Kozak, Michael J
Project Start
2013-09-09
Project End
2017-05-31
Budget Start
2015-06-01
Budget End
2016-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$461,628
Indirect Cost
$91,754
Name
University of California San Diego
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
804355790
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92093
Khalsa, Sahib S; Adolphs, Ralph; Cameron, Oliver G et al. (2018) Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 3:501-513
Huang, He; Thompson, Wesley; Paulus, Martin P (2017) Computational Dysfunctions in Anxiety: Failure to Differentiate Signal From Noise. Biol Psychiatry 82:440-446
Paulus, Martin P; Stein, Murray B; Craske, Michelle G et al. (2017) Latent variable analysis of positive and negative valence processing focused on symptom and behavioral units of analysis in mood and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 216:17-29
Paulus, Martin P; Huys, Quentin J M; Maia, Tiago V (2016) A Roadmap for the Development of Applied Computational Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 1:386-392
Stein, Murray B; Andrews, Anne M (2015) Serotonin States and Social Anxiety. JAMA Psychiatry 72:845-7