Observational learning, defined as learning by observing others' actions, is a fundamental behavior of human and animals and is impaired in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). How the neurons and circuits in the brain accomplish this remarkable function is unknown. In observational learning, the observer needs to actively understand and store others' actions from his own personnel perspective, and then utilize the information in later self-actions. This proposal studies the role of hippocampal neurons in this process of action understanding and how they mediate the learning effect of observation. We will test a hypothesis that observing others' actions triggers the hippocampal neuronal activity patterns that encode the observer's own execution of the same actions. According to the hypothesis, observation leads to learning by facilitating and strengthening the activity patterns encoding self-actions. Our main approach is to simultaneously record a large number of neurons in freely moving rats performing observational tasks. We will determine what activity patterns occur during observation and how they compare with the patterns during the observer's own actions. We will then determine whether the observation-induced activity patterns enhance the observer's learning behavior and whether the disruption of these patterns reduces the enhancement. In addition, we will determine whether the observation-induced neural activity patterns and their learning effects are impaired in a transgenic rat model with social dysfunction. The outcome of this proposal may reveal a novel neural circuit mechanism of observational learning and generate insights into how observational learning is impaired in ASDs at the neural circuit level in vivo.

Public Health Relevance

This project studies how the neurons and neural circuits in the brain carry out the behavior of observational learning, defined as learning by observing others' actions, and how they are impaired in animal models with social impairments. Its outcome will advance our understanding of the learning deficits in psychiatric and neurological diseases including autism spectrum disorders and may generate insights into novel treatment strategies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH106552-04
Application #
9665775
Study Section
Biobehavioral Regulation, Learning and Ethology Study Section (BRLE)
Program Officer
Buhring, Bettina D
Project Start
2016-04-08
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2019-03-01
Budget End
2020-02-29
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Baylor College of Medicine
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
051113330
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
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