Over the past several years the concept of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) has changed dramatically. Recent studies have shown that the response of a neuron to a specific afferent input may vary depending on which neurochemical messengers are present in the local microinvironment of the cell68. This variability of responsiveness suggests that neural circuits have the capacity for functional plasticity that is mediated through various neurqrndulators such as peptides and monnamines. Corticotropin releasing factor [CRF) is a peptide which is most commonly associated with the stress rest. However, recent studies have shown that this peptide has a widespread distribution in extrahypothalamic circuits, suggesting that it has a-broader role in controlling neural circuitry, in addition to its role in the stress axis. A second CNS system that has a high level of CRF input is the cerebellum. The cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement, can be divided into two interrelated regions - the cortex and the nuclei. The distribution and function of CRF has been well documented in the cortex. Virtually nothing is known about the role of CRF in the nuclei. In addition to peptidase, other chemical agents have been shown to modulate neuronal activity such as monoamines. However, few studies have been carried out to analyze interactions between different neuromodulstors. In the proposed experiments we will use retrograde tracing techniques combined with immunohistochemistry at the light end electron microscopic level, as well as physiological recording techniques to test the hypothesis that the output of the cerebellum, as relayed by neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, will be determined not only by the amino acid transmitters released by both extrinsic and intrinsic afferents that synapse on the cells, but also by complex interactions of neuromodulators that are present in afferents derived from specific brainstem nuclei.
The Specific Aims will address the following questions: I) What are the origins of CRF afferents in the cerebellar nuclei? 2) What proportion of CRF afferents collateralize to both the cerebellar cortex and nuclei? 3) What are the cytological characteristic and synaptic relationships of CRF terminals in the cerebellar nuclei? and 4) What are the physiological effects CRF on different populations of nuclear neurons? Movement disorders that involve diseases of the cerebellum are more severe and less likely to show compensation if the neurons in the cerebellar nuclei are disrupted, indicating that these cells are critical for proper coordination of motor activity. The intent of this study is to determine how various neuromodulators mediate changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission in the normal cerebellum. Although this study will focus on the cerebellum, the principles derived should increase our general understanding of how the brain is capable of adapting its responsiveness to continually changing conditions and in particular the role of CRF in mediating this functional plasticity in extrahypothaiamic circuits.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS018028-13
Application #
2037088
Study Section
Neurology A Study Section (NEUA)
Program Officer
Kitt, Cheryl A
Project Start
1982-02-01
Project End
1999-12-31
Budget Start
1997-01-01
Budget End
1999-12-31
Support Year
13
Fiscal Year
1997
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Ohio State University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
098987217
City
Columbus
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
43210
Bishop, G A (1998) Brainstem origin of corticotropin-releasing factor afferents to the nucleus interpositus anterior of the cat. J Chem Neuroanat 15:143-53
Nelson, T E; King, J S; Bishop, G A (1997) Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive afferents to the cerebellum differs between species. J Comp Neurol 379:443-54
Bishop, G A (1995) Calcitonin gene-related peptide modulates neuronal activity in the mammalian cerebellar cortex. Neuropeptides 28:85-97
Gilerovitch, H G; Bishop, G A; King, J S et al. (1995) The use of electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with silver-enhanced 1.4-nm gold particles to localize GAD in the cerebellar nuclei. J Histochem Cytochem 43:337-43
Kerr, C W; Bishop, G A (1992) The physiological effects of serotonin are mediated by the 5HT1A receptor in the cat's cerebellar cortex. Brain Res 591:253-60
Kerr, C W; Bishop, G A (1991) Topographical organization in the origin of serotoninergic projections to different regions of the cat cerebellar cortex. J Comp Neurol 304:502-15
Bishop, G A (1990) Neuromodulatory effects of corticotropin releasing factor on cerebellar Purkinje cells: an in vivo study in the cat. Neuroscience 39:251-7
Bishop, G A; King, J S (1986) Reticulo-olivary circuits: an intracellular HRP study in the rat. Brain Res 371:133-45
Bishop, G A; Ho, R H (1986) Cell bodies of origin of serotonin-immunoreactive afferents to the inferior olivary complex of the rat. Brain Res 399:369-73
Bishop, G A; Ho, R H (1985) The distribution and origin of serotonin immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellum. Brain Res 331:195-207

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