In traumatic brain injury (TBI), adenosine activates high affinity A1 receptors conferring anti-excitotoxic effects. After TBI, however, adenosine levels are high-activating lower affinity A2a receptors that may down-regulate A1 and confer direct neurotoxicity. In models of Parkinson's disease, A2a receptor antagonists are neuroprotective. We reported neuroprotective effects of adenosine after TBI-via anti-excitotoxic effects at the A1 receptor. However, activation of lower affinity A2a receptors could negate this benefit. Out pilot studies show that A2a receptor ko mice are neuroprotected vs wt after experimental TBI and administration of the A2a agonist CGS21680 worsens outcome. However, A2a receptor agonists increase cerebral blood flow (CBF), a finding that must be reconciled. Our clinical studies show that increases in adenosine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with poor outcome. A therapeutic opportunity for A2a receptor antagonists is suggested; however, this pathway must be first studied in experimental TBI. A2a receptor signal transduction is coupled to adenyl cyclase (AC). We reported progressive increases in cAMP levels in CSF after clinical TBI. Hypothesis: Treatment with A2a receptor antagonists or inactivation of the A2a receptor will improve outcome after experimental TBI. Using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in mice and rats, we will address five aims: (1) Determine A2a receptor dynamics after CCI in mice and rats, (2) Assess the role of the A2a receptor in determining biochemical (glutamate, ACh, cAMP), functional, and histological outcome after CCI in mice and rats, including A2a receptor ko mice, (3) Assess the effects of A2a receptor activation on CBF and cerebral metabolic rate after CCI in rats. (4) Define the role of A2a receptor-mediated activation of AC after CCI in mice and rats, (5) Determine the role of the A1 receptor in the detrimental effects of A2a agonists in CCI using A1 receptor ko mice, and (6) To bridge bench and bedside after severe TBI in humans, using CSF samples from 161 patients, we will quantify levels of the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine (and metabolites) to test the hypothesis that acute caffeine consumption is associated with favorable outcome and reduced cAMP. These studies explore the most promising adenosine-based therapy for TBI-A2a receptor antagonists. Our bench to bedside track record ensures translation to the clinic. ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS038087-09
Application #
7269966
Study Section
Brain Disorders and Clinical Neuroscience 5 (BDCN)
Program Officer
Hicks, Ramona R
Project Start
1999-08-02
Project End
2009-07-31
Budget Start
2007-08-01
Budget End
2009-07-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$283,052
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Anesthesiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Jackson, Edwin K; Kotermanski, Shawn E; Menshikova, Elizabeth V et al. (2017) Adenosine production by brain cells. J Neurochem 141:676-693
Tamburro, Robert F; Jenkins, Tammara L; Kochanek, Patrick M (2016) Strategic Planning for Research in Pediatric Critical Care. Pediatr Crit Care Med 17:e539-e542
Bell, Michael J; Kochanek, Patrick M (2013) Pediatric traumatic brain injury in 2012: the year with new guidelines and common data elements. Crit Care Clin 29:223-38
Adelson, P David; Fellows-Mayle, Wendy; Kochanek, Patrick M et al. (2013) Morris water maze function and histologic characterization of two age-at-injury experimental models of controlled cortical impact in the immature rat. Childs Nerv Syst 29:43-53
Verrier, Jonathan D; Jackson, Travis C; Bansal, Rashmi et al. (2012) The brain in vivo expresses the 2',3'-cAMP-adenosine pathway. J Neurochem 122:115-25
Manole, Mioara D; Kochanek, Patrick M; Foley, Lesley M et al. (2012) Polynitroxyl albumin and albumin therapy after pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest: effects on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32:560-9
Drabek, Tomas; Janata, Andreas; Jackson, Edwin K et al. (2012) Microglial depletion using intrahippocampal injection of liposome-encapsulated clodronate in prolonged hypothermic cardiac arrest in rats. Resuscitation 83:517-26
Verrier, Jonathan D; Exo, Jennifer L; Jackson, Travis C et al. (2011) Expression of the 2',3'-cAMP-adenosine pathway in astrocytes and microglia. J Neurochem 118:979-87
Hostler, David; Zhou, Jiangquan; Tortorici, Michael A et al. (2010) Mild hypothermia alters midazolam pharmacokinetics in normal healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 38:781-8
Haselkorn, M Lee; Shellington, David K; Jackson, Edwin K et al. (2010) Adenosine A1 receptor activation as a brake on the microglial response after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 27:901-10

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