The goal of this research is to understand in cellular terms how a central nervous system (CNS) coordinates the movements of different limbs during normal locomotion. Because of its modular segmental organization, the crayfish swimmeret system presents the opportunity to analyze in cellular terms the neural mechanisms that coordinate movements of different limbs. Three different coordinating interneurons arise in each of the four pairs of local circuits that control swimmerets, twelve pairs of neurons in all. Each of these neurons projects its axon to other segments in the CNS. When the CNS is actively expressing the swimmeret motor pattern, each of these interneurons fires a burst of impulses at a characteristic phase in each cycle. These spikes in these neurons are both necessary and sufficient for normal intersegmental coordination. These coordinating axons synapse with local commissural interneurons in other segments to form an intersegmental neural circuit. We will investigate how information about the state of the local circuit controlling a limb on one segment is encoded by these coordinating neurons and decoded again by the circuits that control other limbs.
The Specific Aims of this proposal are: 1. To discover whether individual coordinating interneurons encode information independently, or whether correlated firing in different axons conveys important information. 2. To describe the transformation of coordinating information by local commissural neurons that are direct targets of coordinating axons. 3. To test assumptions of two cellular models of this coordinating circuit and to extend these models to incorporate new experimental results. These research projects will use simultaneous extracellular recording of spikes in coordinating axons and the motor output to sets of limbs, and microelectrode recording from coordinating neurons and commissural neurons in isolated crayfish CNS. They also require laser confocal microscopy, and computational analysis of circuit dynamics. This research will be a model for study of limb coordination during locomotion in other animals, including the spinal circuits that are critical to locomotion in mammals, including man.
| Mulloney, Brian; Smarandache-Wellmann, Carmen; Weller, Cynthia et al. (2014) Proprioceptive feedback modulates coordinating information in a system of segmentally distributed microcircuits. J Neurophysiol 112:2799-809 |
| Smarandache-Wellmann, Carmen; Weller, Cynthia; Mulloney, Brian (2014) Mechanisms of coordination in distributed neural circuits: decoding and integration of coordinating information. J Neurosci 34:793-803 |
| Mulloney, Brian; Smarandache-Wellmann, Carmen (2012) Neurobiology of the crustacean swimmeret system. Prog Neurobiol 96:242-67 |
| Smarandache, Carmen; Hall, Wendy M; Mulloney, Brian (2009) Coordination of rhythmic motor activity by gradients of synaptic strength in a neural circuit that couples modular neural oscillators. J Neurosci 29:9351-60 |
