Malignant glioma accounts for a significant percentage of brain tumors. As these tumors are typically refractory to treatment, there is a need for new and novel therapeutic approaches. Levels of ACSVL3, an enzyme of fatty acid (FA) metabolism, were found to be highly upregulated in human malignant gliomas and were induced by oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in cultured glioma cells. ACSVL3 is one of 26 acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) that """"""""activate"""""""" FAs for their participation in biosynthetic, degradative, and regulatory downstream metabolic pathways. Rapid tumor growth requires high rates of membrane lipid synthesis;these lipids also have key functions in oncogenic cytoplasmic signaling. Using a well-established preclinical model of human glioma, we found that ACSVL3 knockdown (KD) using RNA interference decreased the in vitro malignant phenotype of human glioma cells. We established a correlation between ACSVL3 expression and tumorigenesis in glioma xenografts in vivo. We further established a relationship between ACSVL3 expression and oncogenic second messenger signaling via the phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and phospholipase c-3 (PLC-3)/diacylglycerol (DAG) pathways. We hypothesize that ACSVL3 generates specific FA-CoA products that influence oncogenesis by (i) generating specific structural lipids (ii) altering lipids involved directly in cell signaling, or (iii) altering lipids involved in membrane interactions with specific oncogenic signaling proteins. Based on our preliminary findings, we also hypothesize that targeting ACSVL3 will be of therapeutic value in treating malignant glioma, and propose the following Specific Aims: (1) To identify the consequences of ACSVL3 depletion on the in vitro phenotype of human glioma cell lines, (2) To identify the consequences of ACSVL3 depletion on lipid metabolism in malignant glioma cells, (3) To elucidate how ACSVL3 KD alters signal transduction in malignant glioma cells, and (4) To determine how ACSVL3 depletion inhibits glioma tumorigenicity.
In Aim 1 we will investigate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in control and KD human glioma cells to determine the specificity for ACSVL3 in oncogenesis. These studies will also be extended to other glioma models that may prove useful in subsequent Aims, such as cell lines that endogenously express the tumor suppressor PTEN. The function of ACSVL3 in lipid metabolism is not known for either normal or cancer cells.
Aim 2 proposes studies to fill this gap in knowledge that will also identify lipid pathways that correlate with the malignant phenotype.
In Aim 3, detailed analyses of the PI3K/Akt and PLC-?/ DAG signaling pathways in control and ACSVL3 KD glioma cells will be carried out.
In Aim 4, effects of ACSVL3 KD on in vivo tumorigenesis, alterations in lipid metabolism, and RTK signaling will be explored, both in subcutaneous and in intracranial xenografts. The results of these studies will establish the mechanistic basis for ACSVL3 upregulation in glioma, pinpoint the role of this enzyme in oncogenic RTK signaling and lipid metabolism, and validate the therapeutic potential of targeting this protein in malignant glioma.

Public Health Relevance

Malignant glioma accounts for a significant percentage of brain tumors in both the pediatric and adult populations, and there is a need for new and novel therapeutic approaches. In this application we will investigate an enzyme of fatty acid metabolism that we have identified as uniquely upregulated in human malignant glioma. Results of these studies will provide a critical assessment of the mechanism by which this enzyme contributes to the malignant phenotype, and the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting this enzyme in glioma.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS062043-01A2
Application #
7736241
Study Section
Tumor Cell Biology Study Section (TCB)
Program Officer
Fountain, Jane W
Project Start
2009-08-15
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2009-08-15
Budget End
2010-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$352,188
Indirect Cost
Name
Hugo W. Moser Research Institute Kennedy Krieger
Department
Type
DUNS #
155342439
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21205
Sun, Peng; Xia, Shuli; Lal, Bachchu et al. (2014) Lipid metabolism enzyme ACSVL3 supports glioblastoma stem cell maintenance and tumorigenicity. BMC Cancer 14:401
Pei, Zhengtong; Fraisl, Peter; Shi, Xiaohai et al. (2013) Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3: overexpression and growth dependence in lung cancer. PLoS One 8:e69392
Nchoutmboube, Jules A; Viktorova, Ekaterina G; Scott, Alison J et al. (2013) Increased long chain acyl-Coa synthetase activity and fatty acid import is linked to membrane synthesis for development of picornavirus replication organelles. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003401
Watkins, Paul A; Ellis, Jessica M (2012) Peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822:1411-20
Pei, Zhengtong; Sun, Peng; Huang, Ping et al. (2009) Acyl-CoA synthetase VL3 knockdown inhibits human glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Cancer Res 69:9175-82