Neuronal morphogenesis is a highly regulated process that ultimately depends on the remodeling of neuronal cytoskeleton in response to extracellular cues. Most previous studies of neuronal cytoskeleton focus on the regulation of actin filaments by extracellular cues. Very few studies have been done to investigate how neuronal microtubules (MTs) are regulated. Regulation of MTs is involved in every step of brain development, such as asymmetrical cell division of neural precursor cells, neuronal migration, axon growth and guidance, dendrite development, and synaptogenesis. Mutation of many MT regulating proteins during development is often associated with mental illnesses, underscoring the importance of MT regulation in normal brain development. Thus, our long-term goal is to understand how extracellular signals governing neuronal morphogenesis are transduced into MT reorganization in neurons that is necessary for proper axonal and dendritic development. Our preliminary study has revealed a novel mechanism by which MT plus end tracking proteins, CLASPs, regulate mammalian axonal and dendritic growth. We found that, unlike other +TIPs that only track MT plus ends, CLASPs display dual bindings to either the plus ends or along the sides of MTs (or MT lattices) in neurons. Functionally, we show that this unique dual MT binding behavior of CLASPs allows them to differentially regulate MT organization and axon growth in different neurons. In regenerating sensory neurons, CLASP mainly bind to MT plus ends and function to support fast axon growth. In contrast, CLASP in developing cortical neurons show increased binding along the side of MTs and act to restrict axon growth. In addition to restricting axon growth, we also provide evidence that CLASPs function to support the development of cortical neuron dendrites. Interestingly, axon guidance cue Slit also functions to repel axons and in the meantime promote dendritic growth. Because CLASP has been placed downstream of Slit to mediate axon repulsion in Drosophila, we hypothesize that CLASPs, with their unique dual MT binding property, may be converging targets of Slit-Robo signaling to regulate mammalian axonal and dendritic development. Thus, the overall goal of this study is to elucidate the role of CLASP in regulation of neuronal morphogenesis in response to extracellular cues during cortical development. To test this hypothesis, we will 1) elucidate the molecular mechanism by which CLASPs regulate MTs to control axon growth and dendritic development, 2) determine the roles of CLASPs in Slitmediated axon repulsion and dendritic growth using in vitro axon guidance assay and cell cultures, and 3) determine the in vivo roles of CLASPs in cortical neuron axon growth/guidance, and dendritic development during cortical development using in utero electroporation. This study will reveal novel molecular mechanisms by which extracellular cues regulate MTs to control neuronal morphogenesis.

Public Health Relevance

Neuronal morphogenesis, including axon growth, guidance, and dendrite growth are key molecular events underlying the formation of the neural circuit during development, or neural repair after injuries. Mistakes in these processes during development are believed to cause many neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, our proposed study will not only help us understand how neural circuits form during development, but also provide valuable information of how to promote neural regeneration following injuries.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS064288-02
Application #
7923758
Study Section
Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, and Regeneration Study Section (NDPR)
Program Officer
Mamounas, Laura
Project Start
2009-09-03
Project End
2014-08-31
Budget Start
2010-09-01
Budget End
2011-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$355,163
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Orthopedics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Li, Qiao; Qian, Cheng; Zhou, Feng-Quan (2018) Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion. J Vis Exp :
Wang, Xue-Wei; Li, Qiao; Liu, Chang-Mei et al. (2018) Lin28 Signaling Supports Mammalian PNS and CNS Axon Regeneration. Cell Rep 24:2540-2552.e6
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Saijilafu; Zhang, Bo-Yin; Zhou, Feng-Quan (2014) In vivo electroporation of adult mouse sensory neurons for studying peripheral axon regeneration. Methods Mol Biol 1162:167-75
Nicovich, Philip R; Zhou, Feng-Quan (2014) Acquisition frame rate affects microtubule plus-end tracking analysis. Nat Methods 11:219-20
Zhang, Bo-Yin; Saijilafu; Liu, Chang-Mei et al. (2014) Akt-independent GSK3 inactivation downstream of PI3K signaling regulates mammalian axon regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 443:743-8
Saijilafu; Hur, Eun-Mi; Liu, Chang-Mei et al. (2013) PI3K-GSK3 signalling regulates mammalian axon regeneration by inducing the expression of Smad1. Nat Commun 4:2690
Saijilafu; Zhang, Bo-Yin; Zhou, Feng-Quan (2013) Signaling pathways that regulate axon regeneration. Neurosci Bull 29:411-20
Liu, Chang-Mei; Wang, Rui-Ying; Saijilafu et al. (2013) MicroRNA-138 and SIRT1 form a mutual negative feedback loop to regulate mammalian axon regeneration. Genes Dev 27:1473-83
Saijilafu; Zhou, Feng-Quan (2012) Genetic study of axon regeneration with cultured adult dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Vis Exp :

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