A CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the HD gene product, huntingtin, causes Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure or neuroprotective treatment. Dysregulation of transcription is a major feature of HD pathogenesis, as indicated by a large body of work using RNA array techniques, and work on specific transcription factors and their targets. More recent studies have also suggested a role for huntingtin in RNA processing. Prior work on gene expression alterations in HD brain tissues used 3' biased gene expression arrays. Of increasing importance in many human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, is the occurrence of aberrant alternative pre-mRNA splicing. However, conventional gene expression techniques are not well suited to quantitative analysis of alternative splicing patterns, and do not sample rare transcript well. Several lines of evidence from our preliminary work suggest global splicing abnormalities in HD. For example, we reported earlier that microRNA miR-124 was significantly reduced in HD brains. Work by Maniatis and colleagues showed that miR-124 promotes neuronal-specific alternative splicing events by down- regulating an important tissue-specific splicing regulator, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1). Consistent with the decrease in miR-124, we have preliminary evidence for significantly increased PTBP1 mRNA levels in HD patient samples. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that several exons in genes regulated by PTBP1 show corresponding changes in exon inclusion/exclusion in HD brain. Inclusion or exclusion of non-constitutive exons can have dramatic effects on transcript stability and protein activity. Thus transcriptome alterations in HD may extend beyond up- and down-regulated genes to include changes in gene and protein isoforms. Assessing these events on a global scale for HD will aid efforts to unravel disease pathophysiology, and may identify new drug targets for therapy. In our work, which encompasses 3 aims, we will move from identification of the altered HD transcriptome, to validation, to in vitro and in vivo studies to test their relevance on HD phenotypes. These studies combine the genomics and bioinformatics expertise of the Xing lab and the HD expertise of the Ross and Davidson labs. The functional relevance of those changes will be elucidated using gain and loss of function studies in the Davidson and Ross labs, where both groups have substantial experience with HD models.

Public Health Relevance

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. This project will provide a systematic assessment and functional analysis of transcriptome changes in HD. These studies will lead to a better understanding of HD pathophysiology, and reveal novel molecular targets and pathways for therapeutic development.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS076631-04
Application #
9126608
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MDCN-E (03)M)
Program Officer
Miller, Daniel L
Project Start
2013-09-30
Project End
2018-08-31
Budget Start
2016-09-01
Budget End
2017-08-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$606,057
Indirect Cost
$103,270
Name
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Department
Type
DUNS #
073757627
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Child, Daniel D; Lee, John H; Pascua, Christine J et al. (2018) Cardiac mTORC1 Dysregulation Impacts Stress Adaptation and Survival in Huntington's Disease. Cell Rep 23:1020-1033
Monteys, Alex Mas; Ebanks, Shauna A; Keiser, Megan S et al. (2017) CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Mutant Huntingtin Allele In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Ther 25:12-23
Ratovitski, Tamara; O'Meally, Robert N; Jiang, Mali et al. (2017) Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs), Identified on Endogenous Huntingtin, Cluster within Proteolytic Domains between HEAT Repeats. J Proteome Res 16:2692-2708
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Ratovitski, Tamara; Chaerkady, Raghothama; Kammers, Kai et al. (2016) Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Similarities between Huntington's Disease (HD) and Huntington's Disease-Like 2 (HDL2) Human Brains. J Proteome Res 15:3266-83
Ramachandran, Shyam; Coffin, Stephanie L; Tang, Tin-Yun et al. (2016) Cis-acting single nucleotide polymorphisms alter MicroRNA-mediated regulation of human brain-expressed transcripts. Hum Mol Genet 25:4939-4950
Ochaba, Joseph; Monteys, Alex Mas; O'Rourke, Jacqueline G et al. (2016) PIAS1 Regulates Mutant Huntingtin Accumulation and Huntington's Disease-Associated Phenotypes In Vivo. Neuron 90:507-20
Spengler, Ryan M; Zhang, Xiaoming; Cheng, Congsheng et al. (2016) Elucidation of transcriptome-wide microRNA binding sites in human cardiac tissues by Ago2 HITS-CLIP. Nucleic Acids Res 44:7120-31
Lin, Lan; Park, Juw Won; Ramachandran, Shyam et al. (2016) Transcriptome sequencing reveals aberrant alternative splicing in Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 25:3454-3466
Lee, John H; Tecedor, Luis; Chen, Yong Hong et al. (2015) Reinstating aberrant mTORC1 activity in Huntington's disease mice improves disease phenotypes. Neuron 85:303-15

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