Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. SMA is the most common genetic cause of death in infancy, but no effective treatment is currently available. While much is known about the genetic causes of the disease, less information is available on the physiological alterations that explain the severity of motor symptoms displayed by affected individuals. Dysfunction of specific, vulnerable neuronal populations may precipitate secondary changes in neural circuits that could exacerbate neuronal dysfunction. In the spinal cord, motor neurons receive direct synaptic inputs from local interneurons, descending pathways from the brain, and sensory neurons. In a previous study we reported that the strength of monosynaptic connections between sensory primary afferents and motor neurons in SMA mice is greatly reduced early in the course of the disease, before substantial motor neuron cell loss can be detected. This loss of function is mediated in part by the loss of primary afferent boutons on motor neurons in SMA mice. The goals of this study is to identify which inputs or parts of the motor circuit are particularly affected by the disease and whether this is due to motor neuron dysfunction or intrinsic to SMN deficiency in these neuronal circuits.
In Aim 1, we will analyze the functional effects of a neuronal population that makes direct synapses on the somata and dendrites of spinal motor neurons in SMA mice. In addition we will correlate functional and structural defects by mapping and quantifying the synaptic density on motor neurons in SMA mice. These studies will extend longitudinally to determine the time course of the defects in the course of the disease.
In Aim 2, we will use novel mice taking advantage of the Cre-lox technology to study the effects of regulation of SMN protein in reversing the severe phenotype of the disease. We will employ behavioral, physiological and morphological assays to determine efficacy of these approaches. Laser capture microdissection will also be employed to isolate selected, disease-relevant neuronal types from control and SMA mice for RNA analysis. These will include motor neurons in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord and several other neuronal and non-neuronal populations.
In Aim 3, we will investigate mechanisms involved in synaptic loss in the motor circuits affected in SMA. We will employ immunohistochemical markers to identify the origin of the synapses affected at different stages of the disease by comparing SMA and wild type spinal cords. Collectively, these experiments have the potential to elucidate the importance of synaptic defects in the progression of the disease in SMA mice.

Public Health Relevance

SMA is an incurable motor neuron disease and the leading genetic cause of death in infancy. We will establish whether central synaptic defects are causally involved in the severe phenotype in a mouse model of SMA, employing behavioral, physiological and morphological assays. Different mechanisms of synaptic elimination will be investigated by utilizing novel transgenic mouse models and determine their potential beneficiary effects in reversing the SMA phenotype.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS078375-04
Application #
8822939
Study Section
Cell Death in Neurodegeneration Study Section (CDIN)
Program Officer
Nuckolls, Glen H
Project Start
2012-04-01
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2015-04-01
Budget End
2016-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$350,000
Indirect Cost
$131,250
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
Van Alstyne, Meaghan; Simon, Christian M; Sardi, S Pablo et al. (2018) Dysregulation of Mdm2 and Mdm4 alternative splicing underlies motor neuron death in spinal muscular atrophy. Genes Dev 32:1045-1059
Cantor, Sarah; Zhang, Wei; Delestrée, Nicolas et al. (2018) Preserving neuromuscular synapses in ALS by stimulating MuSK with a therapeutic agonist antibody. Elife 7:
Fletcher, Emily V; Simon, Christian M; Pagiazitis, John G et al. (2017) Reduced sensory synaptic excitation impairs motor neuron function via Kv2.1 in spinal muscular atrophy. Nat Neurosci 20:905-916
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Bikoff, Jay B; Gabitto, Mariano I; Rivard, Andre F et al. (2016) Spinal Inhibitory Interneuron Diversity Delineates Variant Motor Microcircuits. Cell 165:207-219
Simon, Christian M; Janas, Anna M; Lotti, Francesco et al. (2016) A Stem Cell Model of the Motor Circuit Uncouples Motor Neuron Death from Hyperexcitability Induced by SMN Deficiency. Cell Rep 16:1416-1430
Mende, Michael; Fletcher, Emily V; Belluardo, Josephine L et al. (2016) Sensory-Derived Glutamate Regulates Presynaptic Inhibitory Terminals in Mouse Spinal Cord. Neuron 90:1189-1202
de Nooij, Joriene C; Simon, Christian M; Simon, Anna et al. (2015) The PDZ-domain protein Whirlin facilitates mechanosensory signaling in mammalian proprioceptors. J Neurosci 35:3073-84

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