Poor-quality sleep and sleep insufficiency are significant risk factors for physical and mental illness and are of major public-health concern. Much effort to date has rightfully focused on the roles of subcortical populations of neurons in the regulation of biochemical and electroencephalographic responses to sleep insufficiency. Despite the body of evidence that sleep is regulated locally within functional circuits of the cerebral cortex, there is a relative paucity of experimental data on the regulation of sleep by mechanisms intrinsic to the cerebral cortex. The objective of this proposal is to determine the extent to which glycolytic metabolism within the cerebral cortex regulates electroencephalographic slow wave activity during sleep. The central hypothesis is that the temporal dynamics of slow wave activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep are regulated in a feedback relationship between slow wave activity and the glucose metabolite, lactate in the cerebral cortex. The rationale for the research proposed here is that documentation of a feedback relationship between lactate concentration and slow wave activity in the electroencephalogram will improve our understanding of the cerebral effects of sleep insufficiency and will identify the regulation of cerebral glucose utilization as a function of slep slow waves. The working hypothesis for the proposed experiments is that accumulation of lactate in the cerebral cortex during wakefulness promotes slow wave activity during subsequent sleep and slow wave activity during sleep, in turn, promotes a decline in lactate levels. We propose four specific aims designed to document this relationship.
The first aim i s to determine the extent to which genetic differences in the temporal dynamics of sleep slow wave activity are paralleled by genetic differences in the sleep state-dependent dynamics of lactate in the cerebral cortex.
The second aim i s to determine whether excessive activation of discrete functional units in the cerebral cortex, a manipulation that increases slow wave activity during subsequent sleep, also increases the rate of lactate accumulation in the cerebral cortex.
The third aim i s to determine whether manipulations of slow wave activity in the cerebral cortex alter lactate levels independently of sleep state.
The final aim i s to determine whether the processing of lactate as a glycolytic fuel by the cerebral cortex modulates sleep slow wave activity. The proposed experiments are innovative, in our opinion, because they have the potential to identify a novel regulatory relationship between sleep and cerebral glucose metabolism. The results are expected to collectively establish that sleep slow wave activity serves to release the lactate accumulated in the cerebral cortex during wakefulness. The experiments may yield novel insights into the etiology of sleep disorders and may yield novel tools for intervention in disorders of cerebral metabolism.

Public Health Relevance

Insufficient sleep has a number of negative effects on health and well-being. We seek to increase our understanding of the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep at the physiological and biochemical levels. Slow waves in the electrical activity of neurons in the cerebral cortex are a defining feature of non-rapid eye movement sleep and are likely to mediate at least some of the restorative, health-promoting consequences of sleep. The goal of our research is to increase our understanding of the relationship between sleep slow waves and sleep-related changes in cerebral glucose metabolism. With this goal in mind, we propose a series of experiments in which we will determine the extent to which the temporal dynamics of slow wave activity are related to changes in the concentration of the glucose metabolite, lactate, in the cerebral cortex. We will do so with the anticipation that these studies will lead to potential countermeasures for the health effects of insufficient sleep.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS078498-03
Application #
8601139
Study Section
Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms and Sleep Study Section (NNRS)
Program Officer
He, Janet
Project Start
2012-02-15
Project End
2016-01-31
Budget Start
2014-02-01
Budget End
2015-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington State University
Department
Veterinary Sciences
Type
Schools of Veterinary Medicine
DUNS #
City
Pullman
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
99164
Gerashchenko, Dmitry; Schmidt, Michelle A; Zielinski, Mark R et al. (2018) Sleep State Dependence of Optogenetically evoked Responses in Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-positive Cells of the Cerebral Cortex. Neuroscience 379:189-201
Krueger, James M; Frank, Marcos G; Wisor, Jonathan P et al. (2016) Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma. Sleep Med Rev 28:46-54
Grønli, Janne; Rempe, Michael J; Clegern, William C et al. (2016) Beta EEG reflects sensory processing in active wakefulness and homeostatic sleep drive in quiet wakefulness. J Sleep Res 25:257-68
Grønli, Janne; Clegern, William C; Schmidt, Michelle A et al. (2016) Sleep Homeostatic and Waking Behavioral Phenotypes in Egr3-Deficient Mice Associated with Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2 Deficits. Sleep 39:2189-2199
Moore, Michele E; Loft, John M; Clegern, William C et al. (2015) Manipulating neuronal activity in the mouse brain with ultrasound: A comparison with optogenetic activation of the cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett 604:183-7
Wisor, Jonathan P; Rempe, Michael J; Schmidt, Michelle A et al. (2013) Sleep slow-wave activity regulates cerebral glycolytic metabolism. Cereb Cortex 23:1978-87
Clegern, William C; Moore, Michele E; Schmidt, Michelle A et al. (2012) Simultaneous electroencephalography, real-time measurement of lactate concentration and optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity in the rodent cerebral cortex. J Vis Exp :e4328