Our goal is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the inhibition of synaptic vesicle fusion by monomeric alpha-Synuclein (alphaS). This research will establish the foundation for new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). There is growing consensus that monomeric alphaS is a central regulatory component of synaptic vesicle trafficking. Although the formation of Lewy bodies, mediated by the aggregation of alphaS into insoluble fibrils, is commonly associated with PD, high levels of alphaS have also been shown to disrupt normal vesicle trafficking and markedly inhibit neurotransmitter release without the formation of alphaS aggregates. Our approach will involve quantitative studies of the biophysical and mechanical properties of synaptic vesicle membranes for which we will combine coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with a panel of complementary biophysical experiments. A precise understanding of the native interactions between monomeric alphaS and synaptic vesicle membranes will position us to evaluate the protein's role in vesicle trafficking defects as they relate to PD. Limited biophysica data have yielded conflicting views on how alphaS over-expression inhibits vesicle trafficking and fusion in the absence of fibril formation. In multiple model systems from yeast to rodents, an overabundance of alphaS has been shown to stall proper synaptic vesicle cycling at the plasma membrane. One view is that this pathology may be driven by interactions between alphaS and other synaptic or plasma membrane proteins (e.g. SNARES). We propose an alternate view based on recent work both from our labs and others. According to this view, alphaS can directly alter the physical properties of lipids within membranes - namely membrane rigidity and phase. This is achieved in the absence of specific interactions with other proteins. We therefore reason that alphaS might have an intrinsic capacity to control synaptic vesicle fusion. This hypothesis is motivated by our preliminary data and published result from biophysical experiments, which show that alphaS reduces a membrane's rigidity, can alter membrane curvature, and can inhibit fusion of synthetic (otherwise protein-free) lipid vesicles. Our proposed research intimately combines computational modeling with experimental x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy to bridge a critical gap in understanding how alphaS creates physical barriers to vesicle fusion. The proposed research avenue will provide critical information about PD associated trafficking defects. Ultimately, our work will lead to better understanding of normal and abnormal functions of alphaS and position the community to develop new therapeutic strategies that exploit the native state of the protein (i.e., restoring proper vesicle trafficking.

Public Health Relevance

We will understand a new role for the protein alpha-Synuclein (alphaS) in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Our multi-disciplinary research team will use a battery of approaches to obtain a molecular level picture of how overabundant alphaS aberrantly alters the physical properties of synaptic vesicles and thus has the potential to disrup normal neuronal function. Our proposal aims to identify a new and relevant target for the development of therapeutics to treat this debilitating disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS084998-02
Application #
8739557
Study Section
Biophysics of Neural Systems Study Section (BPNS)
Program Officer
Sutherland, Margaret L
Project Start
2013-09-30
Project End
2018-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Biomedical Engineering
Type
Biomed Engr/Col Engr/Engr Sta
DUNS #
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Brummel, Benjamin E; Braun, Anthony R; Sachs, Jonathan N (2017) Polyunsaturated chains in asymmetric lipids disorder raft mixtures and preferentially associate with ?-Synuclein. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1859:529-536
Romo, Tod D; Lewis, Andrew K; Braun, Anthony R et al. (2017) Minimal Nucleation State of ?-Synuclein Is Stabilized by Dynamic Threonine-Water Networks. ACS Chem Neurosci 8:1859-1864
Hennig, Raoul; West, Ana; Debus, Martina et al. (2017) The IM30/Vipp1 C-terminus associates with the lipid bilayer and modulates membrane fusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 1858:126-136
Braun, Anthony R; Lacy, Michael M; Ducas, Vanessa C et al. (2017) ?-Synuclein's Uniquely Long Amphipathic Helix Enhances its Membrane Binding and Remodeling Capacity. J Membr Biol 250:183-193
West, Ana; Brummel, Benjamin E; Braun, Anthony R et al. (2016) Membrane remodeling and mechanics: Experiments and simulations of ?-Synuclein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1858:1594-609
Braun, Anthony R; Sachs, Jonathan N (2015) ?-Synuclein Reduces Tension and Increases Undulations in Simulations of Small Unilamellar Vesicles. Biophys J 108:1848-51
Shi, Zheng; Sachs, Jonathan N; Rhoades, Elizabeth et al. (2015) Biophysics of ?-synuclein induced membrane remodelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:15561-8
Braun, Anthony R; Lacy, Michael M; Ducas, Vanessa C et al. (2014) ?-Synuclein-induced membrane remodeling is driven by binding affinity, partition depth, and interleaflet order asymmetry. J Am Chem Soc 136:9962-72