Epilepsy surgery involving the anteromedial temporal lobe (ATL) often results in verbal memory and naming decline following language dominant resection and in visual memory decline after nondominant resection. We have shown open ATL resections also frequently result in recognition or naming declines for several object types (e.g., famous persons) and related functions (e.g., proper noun fluency). These deficits, not previously recognized as clinical risks, compromise functional status and compound the burden of memory decline. We propose these deficits reflect collateral damage incurred when surgically accessing the mesial TL. Our ongoing NINDS K02 award uses DTI probabilistic tractography to determine if decline results from damage to specific white matter (WM) paths. This K02 is laying the groundwork for developing surgical options to improve cognitive outcome by sparing key paths underlying these functions. Preliminary data show several WM paths are related to baseline performance on these measures, and resection of specific tracts leads to predicted decline. Our R01 proposal uses a novel, minimally invasive, MRI-guided laser ablation technique, selective laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH), to directly test our collateral damage hypothesis. SLAH ablates at least 50% of hippocampus and amygdala, but does not directly damage WM due to its minimally invasive nature. We hypothesize damage restricted to these structures will not lead to naming and recognition deficits, consistent with our preliminary data. This allows us to assess the popular view that mesial TL structures are essential to these processes, which has arisen from indirect paradigms (fMRI/stimulation mapping). Our clinical data also indicate most SLAH patients do not experience episodic memory decline, again contrary to prevailing views of hippocampal function. We propose better memory outcomes after SLAH results from: (a) sparing surrounding mesial TL structures;and (b) less direct and secondary degenerative damage to WM paths away from the resection zone. We predict patients undergoing SLAH will not experience naming and recognition deficits, and will exhibit a significantly better outcome than open resection patients. We predict WM tracts included in open resections will contribute to performance declines on these tasks, but not hippocampal and amygdalar resection volumes. Secondly, we evaluate the contribution of the hippocampus and amygdala to episodic memory functions, predicting greater memory deficits following open resection compared to SLAH. Lastly, we will explore secondary changes in non-resected WM tracts using MRI diffusion parameters, predicting greater improvement in these parameters after SLAH versus open resection. We hypothesize diffusivity improvements in these non-resected tracts and contralateral hippocampus will correlate with improved memory scores (greatest for the SLAH cohort). In sum, this research allows us to: (a) dissociate the contribution of amygdala and hippocampus from that of the overlying cortex and TL WM paths to key cognitive functions, and (b) determine if SLAH preserves cognitive functions frequently affected by open resections.

Public Health Relevance

Surgical resection for the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy often causes notable cognitive deficits involving semantic and episodic memory, naming, semantic fluency, and object recognition. Many of these deficits have only recently been recognized, while all combine to compromise daily functioning. We have proposed that the majority of this decline is the result of collateral damage occurring as the neurosurgeon accesses mesial temporal lobe structures. We test this hypothesis by comparing the cognitive outcome of patients undergoing standard open resections versus a novel, minimally invasive laser ablation technique that is exquisitely restricted to the hippocampus and amygdala. As open resections affect a broader range of temporal lobe white matter and structures, this study will determine whether the hippocampus and amygdala have an essential role in these processes. Moreover, the use of diffusion tensor imaging tractography and MRI structural volumetrics will allow us to relate cognitive performance and decline to specific structures and pathways, thereby improving our knowledge of the neural substrates of these cognitive functions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS088748-01
Application #
8767846
Study Section
Acute Neural Injury and Epilepsy Study Section (ANIE)
Program Officer
Fureman, Brandy E
Project Start
2014-07-01
Project End
2019-04-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Emory University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
Gross, Robert E; Stern, Matthew A; Willie, Jon T et al. (2018) Stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 83:575-587
Inman, Cory S; Manns, Joseph R; Bijanki, Kelly R et al. (2018) Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala enhances declarative memory in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:98-103
Drane, Daniel L (2018) MRI-Guided stereotactic laser ablation for epilepsy surgery: Promising preliminary results for cognitive outcome. Epilepsy Res 142:170-175
Wen, Xuerong; Hartzema, Abraham; Delaney, Joseph A et al. (2017) Combining adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes for women exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy, using a latent trait model. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17:10
Meador, Kimford J; Loring, David W (2016) Developmental effects of antiepileptic drugs and the need for improved regulations. Neurology 86:297-306
Drane, Daniel L; Ojemann, Jeffrey G; Kim, Michelle S et al. (2016) Interictal epileptiform discharge effects on neuropsychological assessment and epilepsy surgical planning. Epilepsy Behav 56:131-8
Gross, Robert E; Willie, Jon T; Drane, Daniel L (2016) The Role of Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 27:37-50
Drane, Daniel L; Loring, David W; Voets, Natalie L et al. (2015) In response: Naming and recognition after laser amygdalohippocampotomy: Is the hippocampus involved? Epilepsia 56:1318-9
Meador, Kimford J (2015) Decline of clinical research in academic medical centers. Neurology 85:1171-6
Drane, Daniel L; Loring, David W; Voets, Natalie L et al. (2015) Better object recognition and naming outcome with MRI-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 56:101-13

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