Corticospinal neurons, the key conveyers of motor instructions controlling voluntary movement, originate in layer V of the motor cortex and are the major efferent source of descending motor pathways. The overall goal of this proposal is to understand the role of synapse elimination in establishment of corticospinal motor circuits and voluntary movement control. During brain development there is an overabundance of synapse number. However the brain must eliminate excess synapses so that different brain areas can develop specific functions, and avoid stimuli overload. We are just beginning to recognize that improper synapse elimination contributes to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia1-7. However, there are large gaps in our knowledge of the role played by synapse elimination in normal circuit formation and how deficiencies in synapse elimination cause aberrant neural circuit formation and function in vivo. We have recently established unique animal models harboring synapse elimination defects by selectively manipulating genes in specific neural populations during development. Our Preliminary Data implicate regulation of activity-dependent corticospinal synapse elimination by interaction between the transmembrane semaphorin Sema6D and its plexinA1 (PlexA1) receptor. We found that during early postnatal development, CS axons transiently form synapses with spinal neurons. However, these synapses are not eliminated in mice lacking the receptor PlexA1. Importantly, PlexA1 mutants exhibit disrupted skilled movements. Thus we hypothesize that Sema6D-PlexA1-mediated synapse elimination of required for proper patterns of muscle activity during skilled movements.
The first aim will determine whether Sema6D-PlexA1 signaling controls synapse elimination via RhoA in an activity-dependent manner.
The second aim will examine whether synapses between corticospinal neurons and specific classes of spinal neurons are eliminated by Sema6D-PlexA1 signaling. Finally the third aim will determine whether the Sema6D-PlexA1-mediated CSN synapse elimination is required for co//rrect patterns of muscle activity for skilled movements.
Corticospinal neurons, the major afferent source of the descending spinal pathways, are located in layer V of the sensorimotor cortex, and are critical for skilled movement. In humans, interruption of corticospinal projections caused by spinal cord injury, stroke, or other disorders results in severe deficits in most fine motor skills. In additio, since corticospinal axons terminate widely within the spinal gray matter, corticospinal circuits are also suggested to reflect control of nociceptive, somatosensory, reflex, and autonomic functions. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying corticospinal circuit formation will provide important information for developing new therapeutic avenues for addressing diseases and injuries related to motor or spinal circuits in humans.
