Stroke is a leading cause of death and results in permanent disability in up to 30% of survivors. Among them, ischemic stroke accounts for about 87 percent of all cases. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only effective treatment for ischemic stroke but has a very limited therapeutic window of 3-4.5h. Undesirably, delayed tPA treatment beyond 3-4.5h disease onset increases risk of blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) that further exacerbates brain injury. In addition, tPA has been shown to aggravate neuroinflammation by enhancing microglia (MG) activation. Thus, there is a critical need to develop a therapeutic approach to attenuate brain inflammation and widen the tPA therapeutic window following ischemic stroke. Interferon beta (IFN?), a cytokine with immunomodulatory properties, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) for more than a decade. It has been well-established that IFN? suppresses CNS inflammation in MS, thereby suggesting that IFN? might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Indeed, our recent findings showed that IFN? attenuated ischemia-induced brain infarct and lessened neurological deficits in rodent stroke models, thereby demonstrating that IFN? confers a protective effect against ischemic stroke. However, detailed mechanisms involved in the protective effects of IFN? on the suppression of ischemia-induced primary and reperfusion-mediated secondary neuroinflammation remain to be elucidated. More importantly, the effect of IFN? on tPA-mediated neuroinflammation and delayed tPA-induced BBB disruption and HT in the ischemic brain is unknown. We hypothesize that IFN? ameliorate ischemic brain injury by converting ischemia, reperfusion, and tPA-induced inflammatory MG into anti- inflammatory MG and modulating inflammatory immune cell infiltration. In addition, IFN? extends the tPA therapeutic window by inhibiting delayed tPA-induced MMP3/9 production, BBB disruption, and HT in the ischemic brain. We propose the following three specific aims to test our hypothesis.
In Aim 1, we will test the effect of IFN?, co-administered with tPA, on ischemic brain injury and on the tPA therapeutic window in ischemic stroke.
In Aim 2, we will determine the effect of IFN?, co-administered with tPA, on MG activation during acute phase and on infiltrating inflammatory immune cell activation during sub-acute phase in ischemic stroke.
In Aim 3, we will determine whether IFN? alleviates delayed tPA-induced BBB disruption and HT in ischemic stroke. The completion of our proposed studies will provide strong evidence that IFN? can be developed as a novel therapy for ischemic stroke and ultimately lead to a new venue of medical intervention for cerebral ischemia.

Public Health Relevance

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability in the United States. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only effective treatment but with a very limited therapeutic window of 3-4.5h and does not offer any neuroprotection. This application aims to test a novel approach that repurposing interferon beta (IFN?), a FDA approved therapy for multiple sclerosis, in combination with tPA to suppress neuroinflammation and alleviate delayed tPA-induced adverse effects using preclinical stroke models.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS102449-01A1
Application #
9595427
Study Section
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Glia Study Section (CMBG)
Program Officer
Bosetti, Francesca
Project Start
2018-06-15
Project End
2023-04-30
Budget Start
2018-06-15
Budget End
2019-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603007902
City
Indianapolis
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
46202