Charged-coupled device (CCD) cameras have found wide application in electron microscopy. They provide much faster availability of image and diffraction data than photographic film, and this improvement in turnaround time has allowed a tremendous increase in the efficiency of specimen evaluation, microscope operation and automation, and data recording. For some types of work the data collected with a CCD is of higher quality than when recorded on film. However, the CCD performance is seriously compromised when the microscope is operated much about 100 kV, due to the decrease in efficiency of the scintillator, which decrease the signal level, and increased lateral scattering of the electrons within the scintillator, which decrease the resolution. Together these effects can produce a detective quantum efficiency (DQE) which is far below that of film and indeed too low for work such as low-dose imaging of proteins. The use of Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscopes (IVEMs) operating at 300-400 kV is increasing as the many advantages of the higher accelerating voltage become more widely recognized, so the CCD performance on these microscopes is becoming more of a limitation. The investigator plans to overcome the poor performance of CCD cameras on IVEMs by decelerating the electrons before they research the camera. The investigator will mount the CCD so that it can be floated to 200 kV, so that when the microscope is operated at 300 kV he will obtain the advantages of the IVEM but the camera will perform as well as on a 100 kV microscope. Further improvements will be made to the scintillator to produce even better signal and resolution characteristics than currently available. These adaptations will produce substantial benefits in work ranging from high-resolution structural studies of membrane proteins and viruses to the three dimensional study of cell ultrastructure.
