Complex diseases are controlled by a large number of potentially interacting genetic and environmental factors. Each year millions of Americans are diagnosed with complex diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's, and various forms of cancer. If the precise genetic loci contributing to variation in disease risk could be characterized, disease incidence might be predicted, and treatments could be modified on a case-by-case basis to halt disease progression and ameliorate suffering (so-called personalized medicine). Unfortunately, progress towards identifying the catalog of genetic risk alleles has been slow, in part because it is unclear what we are searching for: Risk alleles may be common in the population, individually conferring only slight disease risk, or may be rare, but with much larger effects. Our proposal explores a novel approach to characterize genetic loci that combines the strengths of typical QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) and association mapping, while minimizing some of their weaknesses. A feature of the approach is that it provides a small set of candidate causative sites for each QTL mapped: Previous methodologies have had great difficulty moving from QTL to the precise nucleotides involved. The main aim of the proposal is to develop an integrated framework for the genetic dissection of complex traits in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. A pair of synthetic laboratory populations will each be initiated with eight inbred founder lines, and following many generations of maintenance a large panel of RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines) will be derived. The genome of each RIL will be a fine-scale mosaic of segments inherited from the eight founder strains. Following genotyping the panel will serve as a valuable community resource in which to map QTL with high resolution, and we will facilitate these user-directed experiments by creating a web-based analysis portal. The approach yields considerable power to map QTL relative to commonly applied association study methods, and offers the extremely important ability to estimate the frequency of mapped QTL, and in turn the contribution of common alleles to complex trait variation. By resequencing the genomes of the founder strains, for each QTL one can additionally identify the small handful of putatively causative DNA variants to target for future work. We will map QTL for four stress- and drug-tolerance demonstration traits, chosen for their ease of measurement and modest heritability. Each trait will be scored in three mapping designs: directly in homozygous RILs, in the heterozygous progeny of round-robin RIL-RIL crosses, and after crossing RILs to a common inbred reference strain. The two heterozygous testcrosses will examine the effect of inbreeding on QTL mapping directly in RILs. These testcrosses are relatively simple to carry out in flies, and the results may have important implications for the design of experiments using the mouse """"""""Collaborative Cross"""""""" eight-way RILs, a system in which the testcrosses would be considerably more cumbersome and expensive to perform.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01RR024862-04
Application #
8068749
Study Section
Genomics, Computational Biology and Technology Study Section (GCAT)
Program Officer
O'Neill, Raymond R
Project Start
2008-07-15
Project End
2013-04-30
Budget Start
2011-05-01
Budget End
2012-04-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$420,856
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kansas Lawrence
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
076248616
City
Lawrence
State
KS
Country
United States
Zip Code
66045
Solares, Edwin A; Chakraborty, Mahul; Miller, Danny E et al. (2018) Rapid Low-Cost Assembly of the Drosophila melanogaster Reference Genome Using Low-Coverage, Long-Read Sequencing. G3 (Bethesda) 8:3143-3154
Burke, Molly K; Liti, Gianni; Long, Anthony D (2014) Standing genetic variation drives repeatable experimental evolution in outcrossing populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Evol 31:3228-39
King, Elizabeth G; Kislukhin, Galina; Walters, Kelli N et al. (2014) Using Drosophila melanogaster to identify chemotherapy toxicity genes. Genetics 198:31-43
Baldwin-Brown, James G; Long, Anthony D; Thornton, Kevin R (2014) The power to detect quantitative trait loci using resequenced, experimentally evolved populations of diploid, sexual organisms. Mol Biol Evol 31:1040-55
Burke, Molly K; King, Elizabeth G; Shahrestani, Parvin et al. (2014) Genome-wide association study of extreme longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Biol Evol 6:1-11
Marriage, Tara N; King, Elizabeth G; Long, Anthony D et al. (2014) Fine-mapping nicotine resistance loci in Drosophila using a multiparent advanced generation inter-cross population. Genetics 198:45-57
Thornton, Kevin R; Foran, Andrew J; Long, Anthony D (2013) Properties and modeling of GWAS when complex disease risk is due to non-complementing, deleterious mutations in genes of large effect. PLoS Genet 9:e1003258
Kislukhin, Galina; King, Elizabeth G; Walters, Kelli N et al. (2013) The genetic architecture of methotrexate toxicity is similar in Drosophila melanogaster and humans. G3 (Bethesda) 3:1301-10
Macdonald, Stuart J; Mostafa, Heba H; Morrison, Lynda A et al. (2012) Genome sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 strain KOS. J Virol 86:6371-2
Macdonald, Stuart J; Mostafa, Heba H; Morrison, Lynda A et al. (2012) Genome sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 strain McKrae. J Virol 86:9540-1

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