The burden of pediatric HIV-1 infection globally is highest in sub-Saharan Africa with well over two million children infected currently. Recently, increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) promises hope of improved survival, but most HIV-1 infected children in sub-Saharan Africa initiate treatment at advanced disease stage and greater level of immunosuppression in contrast to children in Europe or the US. In addition, first line HAART regimens in Africa typically have a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) backbone and do not include ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (Pis), which are considered the most potent antiretrovirals available. Failure to adequately suppress HIV-1 can rapidly lead to emergence of drug-resistance and negatively impact long-term response to HAART. The overall hypothesis of this proposal is that clinical disease stage, level of immunosuppression at presentation, and choice of initial HAART regimen will impact long-term response and selection of drug resistant virus. For this GRIP application, we propose to utilize and extend a recently accrued pediatric HIV-1 treatment cohort in Nairobi to determine the pattern and correlates of long-term response to HAART and to determine levels of resistance to first line regimens in HIV-1 infected children failing therapy.
Our specific aims are:
Aim 1 : Define the pattern and predictors of clinical and virologic response to HAART during 5 years of follow-up in HIV-1 infected Kenyan children. Potential predictors include baseline CD4% and viral load, clinical disease severity, adherence, and choice of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).
Aim 2 : Define the frequency of mutations associated with resistance to the 1st line NNRTI-based triple therapy being introduced in Kenya and the impact of such mutations on response to therapy in HIV-1 infected children. This study will provide important information on effectiveness of HAART regimens being scaled up in resource-poor countries and help programs better plan for changes of drug regimens following treatment failure. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Fogarty International Center (FIC)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01TW007632-01
Application #
7126190
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-ICP-3 (51))
Program Officer
Liu, Xingzhu
Project Start
2006-08-01
Project End
2011-05-31
Budget Start
2006-08-01
Budget End
2007-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$52,731
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Nairobi
Department
Type
DUNS #
366498744
City
Nairobi
State
Country
Kenya
Zip Code
254
Suter, Megan K; Karr, Catherine J; John-Stewart, Grace C et al. (2018) Implications of Combined Exposure to Household Air Pollution and HIV on Neurocognition in Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:
Benki-Nugent, Sarah; Wamalwa, Dalton; Langat, Agnes et al. (2017) Comparison of developmental milestone attainment in early treated HIV-infected infants versus HIV-unexposed infants: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 17:24
Ásbjörnsdóttir, Kristjana H; Hughes, James P; Wamalwa, Dalton et al. (2016) Differences in virologic and immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1-infected infants and children. AIDS 30:2835-2843
Wagner, Anjuli; Slyker, Jennifer; Langat, Agnes et al. (2015) High mortality in HIV-infected children diagnosed in hospital underscores need for faster diagnostic turnaround time in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs. BMC Pediatr 15:10
Benki-Nugent, Sarah; Eshelman, Christal; Wamalwa, Dalton et al. (2015) Correlates of age at attainment of developmental milestones in HIV-infected infants receiving early antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 34:55-61
Wamalwa, Dalton C; Lehman, Dara A; Benki-Nugent, Sarah et al. (2013) Long-term virologic response and genotypic resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected Kenyan children on combination antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 62:267-74
Chohan, Bhavna H; Tapia, Kenneth; Merkel, Michele et al. (2013) Pooled HIV-1 RNA viral load testing for detection of antiretroviral treatment failure in Kenyan children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 63:e87-93
Wamalwa, Dalton; Benki-Nugent, Sarah; Langat, Agnes et al. (2012) Survival benefit of early infant antiretroviral therapy is compromised when diagnosis is delayed. Pediatr Infect Dis J 31:729-31
Wamalwa, Dalton C; Obimbo, Elizabeth M; Farquhar, Carey et al. (2010) Predictors of mortality in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a prospective cohort. BMC Pediatr 10:33
Farquhar, Carey; Wamalwa, Dalton; Selig, Sara et al. (2009) Immune responses to measles and tetanus vaccines among Kenyan human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy and revaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:295-9

Showing the most recent 10 out of 11 publications