Visual working memory (VWM) underlies humans'ability to perceive the world as a coherent visual experience rather than a disjointed series of isolated views. Decades of research has established a hallmark of the VWM system is its limited capacity-the ability to maintain only 3-5 items at once. The nature of VWM capacity limitations is currently under debate in the literature, and no clearly dominant account of how capacity might be realized in the human brain has emerged. The objective of this proposal is to provide such an account by investigating development of the VWM system in early childhood, paired with implementation in a neurally- grounded computational model. The proposal tests two specific predictions of the model: first, that memory for colors becomes more precise over development;second, that metric interactions between items held in memory will show a u-shaped developmental trajectory. These predictions will be tested in two computerized tasks designed for use with 3- to 6-year-old children. A color discrimination task will test the precision of children's memory, and a multi-item change detection task will test for interactions between similar colors held simultaneously in memory. The behavioral and computational work in this proposal will provide a new explanation for adults'capacity limitations in VWM, offering the first comprehensive developmental account of how capacity limits arise and change in early childhood. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover causal mechanisms of developmental change in working memory and to use this knowledge to inform research on related neurological and/or behavioral impairments. A number of disorders-including autism, Williams Syndrome, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's and other dementias-lead to divergence from typical patterns of performance in laboratory tasks tapping visual and spatial working memory. In order to understand neurological differences in these disordered populations, we must first understand how the typically-developing brain perceives, remembers, and uses visual information in service of behavior.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research studies the visual memory in early childhood within typically-developing populations. By understanding this system better in the majority of the population, future research may address how this system differs with disorders-including autism, Williams Syndrome, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's and other dementias-that lead to atypical patterns of performance in related tasks.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Small Research Grants (R03)
Project #
1R03HD067481-01A1
Application #
8191374
Study Section
Pediatrics Subcommittee (CHHD)
Program Officer
Freund, Lisa S
Project Start
2011-07-01
Project End
2013-06-30
Budget Start
2011-07-01
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$74,250
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
Simmering, Vanessa R; Wood, Chelsey M (2017) The development of real-time stability supports visual working memory performance: Young children's feature binding can be improved through perceptual structure. Dev Psychol 53:1474-1493
Miller, Hilary E; Vlach, Haley A; Simmering, Vanessa R (2017) Producing Spatial Words Is Not Enough: Understanding the Relation Between Language and Spatial Cognition. Child Dev 88:1966-1982
Simmering, Vanessa R; Miller, Hilary E (2016) Developmental improvements in the resolution and capacity of visual working memory share a common source. Atten Percept Psychophys 78:1538-55
Miller, Hilary E; Patterson, Rebecca; Simmering, Vanessa R (2016) Language supports young children's use of spatial relations to remember locations. Cognition 150:170-80
Simmering, Vanessa R; Miller, Hilary E; Bohache, Kevin (2015) Different developmental trajectories across feature types support a dynamic field model of visual working memory development. Atten Percept Psychophys 77:1170-88
Johnson, Jeffrey S; Simmering, Vanessa R; Buss, Aaron T (2014) Beyond slots and resources: grounding cognitive concepts in neural dynamics. Atten Percept Psychophys 76:1630-54
Simmering, Vanessa R; Patterson, A Rebecca (2012) Models provide specificity: Testing a proposed mechanism of visual working memory capacity development. Cogn Dev 27:419-439
Simmering, Vanessa R; Perone, Sammy (2012) Working memory capacity as a dynamic process. Front Psychol 3:567