Malaria is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. There are nearly 500 million new cases of malaria every year, and from 1-2 million people die from the disease while others are severely debilitated. About half the human population is at risk of contracting malaria, and its range may spread as global warming accelerates. The broad, long term objectives of this proposal are to create new methods of combating malaria to complement the current methods of control, namely insecticides to kill mosquito vectors and drugs to kill parasites in infected people. This project seeks to develop the means to create strains of bacteria that can interfere with the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria thus reducing its overall health burden and aiding in the goal of eradicating this disease.
The specific aims of this research project are as follows:
Aim 1 : Creation of strains of Asaia SF2.1 that secrete anti-Plasmodium effector proteins using native secretion signals. Asaia SF2.1 is intimately associated with Anopheles mosquitoes in the field, colonizing the midgut, salivary glands, and gonads of these insects. Thus it has optimal microbial ecology on which to build a paratransgenesis system against malaria. We will develop native secretion systems using genomic data and a genetic screen for the secretion of anti-malarial effector proteins from Asaia SF2.1 to ensure efficient secretion of these proteins in mosquito midguts.
Aim 2 : Isolation of strong conditional promoters from Asaia SF2.1. Antimalarial effector proteins must be expressed when the parasite is present in the mosquito midgut and in sufficient quantities to be effective. We will isolate strong conditional promoters from Asaia SF2.1 that are active when bacteria are present during a blood meal using a genetic screen, genomic homology searches, and RNAseq.
Aim 3 : Creation of genetically stable strains of transgenic Asaia SF2.1. For eventual field use, paratransgenic strains of bacteria must be genetically stable. They cannot be based on laboratory plasmids that are maintained with drug selection. We will develop methods to create strains that contain genes inserted in the chromosome or borne on plasmids that need no drug selection.

Public Health Relevance

Malaria is a global health problem that infects about 500 million people each year. The mainstays of malaria control, insecticides to kill mosquitoes and drugs to treat infected people, are becoming ineffective and must be supplemented with new strategies. This proposal describes approaches to create antimalarial bacterial strains that can inhibit the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria and thus lower the incidence of the disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Academic Research Enhancement Awards (AREA) (R15)
Project #
1R15AI107735-01A1
Application #
8767309
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana
Project Start
2014-08-01
Project End
2017-07-31
Budget Start
2014-08-01
Budget End
2017-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Duquesne University
Department
Biology
Type
Graduate Schools
DUNS #
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15282