This project is aimed at characterizing influences on synonymous codon usage in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. Careful assessment of codon usage is of value to those whose interests include the biochemistry of gene expression, horizontal gene transfer (both in evolution and in recombinant DNA technology), gene prediction, selection conflicts, and molecular population genetics and systematics. The project has four specific aims: (1) to rigorously assess codon preferences in phylogenetically diverse organisms; (2) to study conflicts that interfere with selection on codon usage; (3) to study the coevolution of human and viral genomes with respect to codon usage; and (4) to study ongoing selection on codon usage in viruses, bacteria and Drosophila. Software for reading and analyzing genome sequences will be updated as necessary. Codon preferences will be identified by correlations with gene expression and/or multivariate statistical methods. Contributors to within-species variance in preferred codon usage (e.g., among- and within-gene variance in selection intensity, regional variation in compositional biases, regional variation in recombination rate, among-gene variation in gene spacing) will be inferred by statistical analysis. Based on the results of prior Drosophila and yeast studies, analyses will be performed to distinguish between selection conflicts associated with linkage and those associated with antagonistic pleiotropy in closely spaced genes. Based on data that indicate coevolution of phage and bacterial hosts, codon usage of viruses that infect humans should depend on the human gene expression machinery. Phylogenies will be constructed for closely related viruses that infect humans, along with their relatives that infect other mammals, and codon substitutions will be inferred and analyzed using population genetic approaches to test for selection on codon usage. Analysis of virus codon usage will provide information on both its adaptive significance and on the codon preferences that may be shared by highly expressed human genes. Similar analyses will be performed on closely related bacteria and Drosophila. At least twenty genes will be sequenced in several strains of Drosophila, and patterns of polymorphism and divergence will be used to test for the ongoing action of natural selection on codon usage. We will focus, in particular, on variation in the relative intensity of selection (1) in different regions of genes and (2) on different amino acids. ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
Type
Academic Research Enhancement Awards (AREA) (R15)
Project #
2R15HG002456-03
Application #
6806347
Study Section
Genetics Study Section (GEN)
Program Officer
Good, Peter J
Project Start
2001-09-30
Project End
2007-09-29
Budget Start
2004-09-30
Budget End
2007-09-29
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$196,874
Indirect Cost
Name
Cedar Crest College
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
047354113
City
Allentown
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
18104
McDermott, Shannon R; Kliman, Richard M (2008) Estimation of isolation times of the island species in the Drosophila simulans complex from multilocus DNA sequence data. PLoS One 3:e2442
Llopart, Ana; Mabille, Aelen; Peters-Hall, Jennifer R et al. (2008) A new test for selection applied to codon usage in Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana. J Mol Evol 66:224-31
Cirulli, Elizabeth T; Kliman, Richard M; Noor, Mohamed A F (2007) Fine-scale crossover rate heterogeneity in Drosophila pseudoobscura. J Mol Evol 64:129-35
Kliman, Richard M; Bernal, Cheryl A (2005) Unusual usage of AGG and TTG codons in humans and their viruses. Gene 352:92-9
Kliman, Richard M; Hey, Jody (2003) Hill-Robertson interference in Drosophila melanogaster: reply to Marais, Mouchiroud and Duret. Genet Res 81:89-90
Kliman, Richard M; Irving, Naheelah; Santiago, Maria (2003) Selection conflicts, gene expression, and codon usage trends in yeast. J Mol Evol 57:98-109
Hey, Jody; Kliman, Richard M (2002) Interactions between natural selection, recombination and gene density in the genes of Drosophila. Genetics 160:595-608