Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to die from alcohol-related homicides than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), despite being less likely to drink heavily compared to NHWs. Little epidemiologic research has been conducted to determine what can be done to reduce such disparities. We propose that the disproportionate risk for alcohol-related homicide among racial/ethnic minorities may be related to the systematic residential segregation of racial/ethnic minorities into economically disadvantaged neighborhoods with high alcohol outlet density and reduced quality health care access. We propose to use agent-based models (ABM) to simulate experiences of alcohol use, violent perpetration and victimization in agents embedded in neighborhoods, and to examine whether interventions on neighborhood alcohol outlet density and health care access could reduce racial disparities in alcohol-related homicide. By allowing us to simulate counterfactual situations, ABMs overcome the limitations that individual selection of NHWs, Hispanics and Blacks into non-comparable neighborhoods place on causal inference in observational neighborhood studies. In examining and testing these interventions, we will also incorporate information on social ties, as the patterns of street and bar consumption associated with concentration of alcohol outlets may encourage the formation of social ties with high-risk drinkers who also exhibit violent behavior. Specifically, we will examine whether the breadth and strength of social ties influences the efficacy of neighborhood interventions in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in alcohol-related homicides. The ABM will include agents matched to the demographic composition of New York City and arranged in a grid divided into neighborhoods, informed by more than 20 empirically-based parameters assessing a complex network of social ties, neighborhood characteristics, alcohol use and misuse, and victimization and perpetration. The present project focuses on simulating NYC neighborhoods;this project will inform the preparation of an NIH R01 proposal to use complex systems approaches to investigate national racial/ethnic disparities in different forms of alcohol-related injury.
Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in alcohol-related violent death is a critical public health initiative. Little research is addressing how interventions to improve neighborhoods may differentially improve the alcohol- related homicide outcomes of Black and Hispanic individuals in the U.S. The proposed project will inform public health stakeholders by using computer simulation modeling to estimate estimating the efficacy of two hypothetical neighborhood interventions to reduce alcohol- related homicide using novel and empirically-informed agent-based modeling techniques.
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