The goal of this proposal is to test, and equally importantly rationalize, the cellular activity and specificity of anti-HIV lead compounds that targt the transactivation response element (TAR) RNA in the HIV LTR. The leads are identified in related studies by the two principal investigators using a new 'dynamics-based'virtual screen. These studies establish the binding and activity characteristic of lead compounds in vitro with unprecedented depth and breadth using an assortment of biophysical techniques, but they do not include the key biological assays needed to identify promising leads that could be developed further into anti-HIV therapeutics. By subjecting a strategically chosen panel of these 'highly biophysically characterized'lead compounds to rigorous toxicity as well as biological assays against HIV-1 and the closely related HIV-2, we propose to (i) identify promising leads with in vivo activity that may be subjected to further optimization in the developed of anti-HIV therapeutics and (ii) delineate the link between the biophysical properties of RNA-small molecule binding, which can be obtained in a semi- high throughput manner in vitro, and biological activity and specificity, which is far more cumbersome to experimentally assay. We will test the hypothesis that 'RNA-targeting specificity'is a major determinant of cellular activiy and toxicity and the main reason RNA-targeting compounds with in vitro activity fail to exhibit in vivo anti-viral activity. We will develop in vitro assays for quantifying RNA-targeting specificity and use a new specificity metric to narrow down compounds that are subjected to cellular assays as well as test a new strategy for targeting flexible RNA systems with exquisite selectivity that is based on regiospecifically crowding cationic groups. By bridging the divide between in-depth biophysical properties and biological assays, our studies will lay the foundations for a predictive understanding of RNA- targeting that can be used to rationally identify compounds with anti-retroviral activity.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research will subject biophysically well-characterized lead compounds that target the transactivation response element (TAR) in the HIV-1 LTR to toxicity and biological assays. The studies will significantly accelerate the pace of searching and testing for novel therapeutic agents that target new RNA components and thereby further suppress the rate of HIV replication and resistance, as well as help widen the treatment options available.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI096985-01A1
Application #
8327894
Study Section
AIDS Discovery and Development of Therapeutics Study Section (ADDT)
Program Officer
Miller, Roger H
Project Start
2012-08-01
Project End
2014-07-31
Budget Start
2012-08-01
Budget End
2013-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$230,496
Indirect Cost
$80,496
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
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Salmon, Loïc; Yang, Shan; Al-Hashimi, Hashim M (2014) Advances in the determination of nucleic acid conformational ensembles. Annu Rev Phys Chem 65:293-316
Lee, Janghyun; Vogt, Catherine E; McBrairty, Mitchell et al. (2013) Influence of dimethylsulfoxide on RNA structure and ligand binding. Anal Chem 85:9692-8
Al-Hashimi, Hashim M (2013) NMR studies of nucleic acid dynamics. J Magn Reson 237:191-204