To resist or limit invasion by pathogens, the human host uses a number of physical and chemical barriers. The microbiota, indigenous microbes living in and on our bodies add an additional and often underappreciated level of protection. We will take advantage of the laboratory protocols, databases, and computational methods developed by the Human Microbiome Project to test hypotheses regarding the role of bacterial community structure in the human oropharynx in resisting invasion by viruses that cause respiratory illness, and bacteria that cause otitis media and pneumonia. We will do so using data collected from an established prospective household study of influenza risk in Nicaragua, the Household Influenza Transmission study. The overall goal of this study is to explore the role of the type and abundance of bacterial species present in the oropharynx (which we will refer to as community structure) and presence of other virus in resisting invasion by influenza virus, and in mediating growth of bacterial species that commonly cause pneumonia and otitis media.
Our aim i s to apply epidemiologic methods and state of the art genetic sequencing to test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Influenza infection perturbs the bacterial community structure found in the oropharynx. The extent of perturbation varies by influenza type, the bacterial community structure, and presence of other virus. Hypothesis 2: The changes in bacterial community structure of the oropharynx microbiota in response to influenza infection are a marker of susceptibility to and overgrowth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hypothesis 3: The bacterial community structure and presence of commensal virus in the oropharynx microbiota mediates risk of influenza infection. The results of this highly interdisciplinary and innovative molecular epidemiologic study will inform the development of novel strategies to prevent otitis media and bacterial pneumonia and to enhance therapy by manipulating the oropharynx microbiota.

Public Health Relevance

Bacterial pneumonia and ear infection often follow influenza infection. We explore whether the composition of bacteria living in the throat can reduce or increase risk of influenza, or of overgrowth of bacterial pathogens that bacterial pneumonia and ear infections. The results of this highly interdisciplinary and innovative molecular epidemiologic study will inform the development of new ways to prevent bacterial pneumonia and ear infections, and to enhance therapy by manipulating the bacteria living in the throat.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI119463-01
Application #
8950300
Study Section
Clinical Research and Field Studies of Infectious Diseases Study Section (CRFS)
Program Officer
Lu, Kristina
Project Start
2015-07-01
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109