SLE is a chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease afflicting more than 1.5 million Americans and requires lifelong immunosuppressive therapies that have potentially life-threatening and damaging side effects. The loss of immunological tolerance is fundamental to this disease and B cells are a central player in its etiology, which is underscored by the efficacy of a B cell depletion therapy. Because not all patients benefit from this treatment, and the elimination of B cells can compromise a patient's defenses against pathogens, therapies that target only autoreactive B cells would be of great benefit to patients. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify molecular mechanisms of immune tolerance because without it, the development of a targeted therapeutic approach is unlikely to occur. Our preliminary data shows that NLRC3, a member of the nucleotide-binding, leucine repeat-containing (NLR) family of """"""""danger"""""""" sensors, regulates toll like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of autoreactive B cells. This is a novel finding, as a function of NLR family proteins i B cells is unknown. The long-term goal of our work is to understand the molecular mechanisms of B cell tolerance with the eventual goal of developing targeted therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The objective of this proposal is to determine the mechanism by which NLRC3 blocks the activation of autoreactive B cells and to determine whether its expression affects autoreactive B cell responses in health and disease. Our central hypothesis is that NLRC3 inhibits TLR- mediated autoreactive B cell activation to prevent autoimmune disease. The rationale is that once we determine the mechanism of action of NLRC3, then new therapies that target this mechanism could be developed to prevent autoreactive B cell activation. We propose two specific aims. 1) To determine the mechanism of NLRC3-mediated inhibition of TLR activation in B cells, and 2) to determine whether NLRC3 regulates normal and pathogenic B cell responses to self-antigens.
For Aim 1, we will use we will use primary autoreactive B cells that are NLRC3-sufficient and -deficient to identify the TLR signaling intermediates that are regulated by NLRC3.
For Aim 2, we will determine the ability of self-antigen to activate NLRC3-deficient B cells from normal and autoimmune prone mice, and determine whether autoimmune disease prone mice develop accelerated more severe disease in the absence of NLRC3. We expect to find that NLRC3 blocks TLR- mediated B cell activation through its ability to prevent NF-kB and IRF-5 translocation to the nucleus. In addition, we expect to find that NLRC3 prevents autoreactive B cell activation and attenuates the onset and severity of disease in autoimmune mice. This work is innovative in our opinion because NLR protein involvement in B cell tolerance constitutes a completely new regulatory mechanism. Our results will have an important positive impact because they could lead to the eventual development of new therapies designed to specifically target the mechanisms of tolerance loss.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because determining the mechanism of B cell tolerance is ultimately expected to increase understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to the loss of tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus. This would have a positive impact because it could lead to the development of new therapies for this and other autoimmune diseases. Thus, the proposed research is relevant to the part of NIH's mission that pertains to developing fundamental and translational knowledge that will help reduce the burdens of human disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AR064951-01A1
Application #
8767249
Study Section
Cellular and Molecular Immunology - B Study Section (CMIB)
Program Officer
Mancini, Marie
Project Start
2014-08-11
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2014-08-11
Budget End
2015-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$200,640
Indirect Cost
$68,640
Name
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
608195277
City
Chapel Hill
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27599
Monteith, Andrew J; Vincent, Heather A; Kang, SunAh et al. (2018) mTORC2 Activity Disrupts Lysosome Acidification in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Impairing Caspase-1 Cleavage of Rab39a. J Immunol 201:371-382
Kang, SunAh; Fedoriw, Yuri; Brenneman, Ethan K et al. (2017) BAFF Induces Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Positions T Cells within the Glomeruli during Lupus Nephritis. J Immunol 198:2602-2611
Keener, Amanda B; Thurlow, Lance T; Kang, SunAh et al. (2017) Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Disrupts Immunity Mediated by Long-Lived Plasma Cells. J Immunol 198:1263-1273
Monteith, Andrew J; Kang, SunAh; Scott, Eric et al. (2016) Defects in lysosomal maturation facilitate the activation of innate sensors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E2142-51