The goal of this project is to describe systemic regulators of cell proliferation during cell turnover and tumorigenesis. The ideal cancer therapy aims at eliminating abnormally proliferating cells without disturbing tissue physiology. However, our limited understanding about the mechanisms controlling cell proliferation in the complexity of the whole organism restricts the implementation of biomedical approaches to specifically target abnormal cells. Cell proliferation is influenced by local and systemic signals (e.g.: cell turnover age, injury, nutritional status, etc.). Striking differences exist in the proliferative response of normal and neoplastic cells depending on their location along the anteroposterior (AP) axis. However, the basic biological mechanisms underlying regional differences in the growth of normal and tumor cells are unknown. This project addresses basic mechanisms regulating cell proliferation during adult tissue maintenance and tumorigenesis in the complexity of the whole organism. We capitalize on a unique model system, the planarian flatworm, which exhibits evolutionary conservation of signaling pathways with vertebrates including humans, and has accessible adult stem cells (neoblasts) that can be studied in the complexity of the whole body. The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in this animal and support high rates of cellular turnover and regeneration. Our approach manipulates evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways associated with DNA repair and cancer development to study the origin and location of abnormal cells in the complexity of the whole organism. The proposed approach provides a highly innovative and more simplified model for systematic investigation of cancer development and physiological cell turnover. This project is based on a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that studies adult stem cells in the complexity of the whole organism considering both local and systemic endogenous signals that modulate their behavior. It is unique in assessing cell regulation during the process of tissue regeneration and cell turnover and in abnormal conditions such as cancer. The strategy is designed to follow specific neoblast populations in vivo and to manipulate endogenous signals that control their behavior.
Aim 1 will assess the effect of positional information on the proliferative behavior of stem cells during tissue turnover and tumorigenesis. Cell proliferation, migration and differentiation will be measured in animals with abnormal AP polarity, dysfunctional DNA repair mechanisms and hyperproliferative phenotype.
Aim 2 will determine whether regional differences in the proliferation of abnormal cells are mediated through tumor suppressors. Our experiments aim at identifying endogenous signals and cell populations involved in early stages of tumor formation. A major impact of these studies will be the elucidation of basic mechanisms regulating cell proliferation in the complexity of the whole organism to enable the implementation of biomedical approaches to target abnormal cells without disturbing physiological functions.

Public Health Relevance

Cancer is the result of inappropriate cell proliferation. Despite years of research, the basic mechanisms controlling cell division among tissues remain poorly understood. Successful completion of this project will describe systemic mechanisms regulating endogenous signals and cell populations involved in early stages of tumor formation during adult tissue turnover. Our approach will provide unique insight into the fundamental process of stem cell regulation in situ. Ultimately, these results will be applicable to a wide range of human clinical problems including cancer and degenerative diseases and will enable biomedical approaches to target abnormal cells without disturbing physiological functions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21CA176114-02
Application #
8876613
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Soyombo-Shoola, Abigail Adebisi
Project Start
2014-07-01
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2017-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Merced
Department
Type
Earth Sciences/Resources
DUNS #
113645084
City
Merced
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95343
Thiruvalluvan, Manish; Barghouth, Paul G; Tsur, Assaf et al. (2018) SUMOylation controls stem cell proliferation and regional cell death through Hedgehog signaling in planarians. Cell Mol Life Sci 75:1285-1301
Barghouth, Paul G; Thiruvalluvan, Manish; LeGro, Melanie et al. (2018) DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol :
Wilson, Stephen; Fan, Lingling; Sahgal, Natasha et al. (2017) The histone demethylase KDM3A regulates the transcriptional program of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 8:30328-30343
Wilson, Stephen; Qi, Jianfei; Filipp, Fabian V (2016) Refinement of the androgen response element based on ChIP-Seq in androgen-insensitive and androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 6:32611
Tiffen, Jessamy; Wilson, Stephen; Gallagher, Stuart J et al. (2016) Somatic Copy Number Amplification and Hyperactivating Somatic Mutations of EZH2 Correlate With DNA Methylation and Drive Epigenetic Silencing of Genes Involved in Tumor Suppression and Immune Responses in Melanoma. Neoplasia 18:121-32
Flores, Natasha M; Oviedo, Néstor J; Sage, Julien (2016) Essential role for the planarian intestinal GATA transcription factor in stem cells and regeneration. Dev Biol 418:179-188
Peiris, T Harshani; Ramirez, Daniel; Barghouth, Paul G et al. (2016) Regional signals in the planarian body guide stem cell fate in the presence of genomic instability. Development 143:1697-709
Edwards, Lauren; Gupta, Rohit; Filipp, Fabian Volker (2016) Hypermutation of DPYD Deregulates Pyrimidine Metabolism and Promotes Malignant Progression. Mol Cancer Res 14:196-206
Peiris, Tanuja Harshani; García-Ojeda, Marcos E; Oviedo, Néstor J (2016) Alternative flow cytometry strategies to analyze stem cells and cell death in planarians. Regeneration (Oxf) 3:123-35
Peiris, T Harshani; Ramirez, Daniel; Barghouth, Paul G et al. (2016) The Akt signaling pathway is required for tissue maintenance and regeneration in planarians. BMC Dev Biol 16:7

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