It is the intention of this R21 application to gather data regarding the feasibility of a novel opiate detoxification method, with the use of very low-dose naltrexone pretreatment to reduce withdrawal symptoms in morphine dependent rats. Pharmacological withdrawal management is often the first step in the treatment of opiate dependent patients. Although a wide range of detoxification techniques have been employed, there is a continuing search for more effective approaches. Recently, the use of opiate antagonists (i.e. naltrexone, naloxone) in detoxification protocols has been introduced to sharply decrease withdrawal duration, but at the cost of greatly increased symptom intensity requiring heavy sedation and even anesthesia. Resulting serious medical complications has discouraged and limited the use of this approach. On the other hand, experimental evidence on analgesic and dependence-reducing properties of very low doses of opiate antagonists points to an alternative strategy for the use of these antagonist drugs during detoxification. Although the behavioral manifestations of opiate withdrawal have been thoroughly described in animal models, the cellular bases underlying these changes have only recently been characterized. Several brain nuclei exhibit immediate early gene expression (e.g. c-fos), which is used as a marker of neuronal activation, in the course of withdrawal. Furthermore, alterations in intracellular messengers, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinases (PKA), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) have been shown following opiate withdrawal in the central nervous system. Specific purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that pretreatment of opiate dependent rats with very-low doses of opiate antagonists ameliorates behavioral and biochemical expressions of withdrawal. Experiments in Aim I are proposed to examine whether naltrexone pretreatment reduces the aversive and somatic signs of withdrawal. To this end, behavioral expression of withdrawal will be rated according to a well-described score of behaviors.
Aim II will examine the distribution of c-fos protein in brain regions known to be activated following withdrawal to test whether very low-dose naltrexone pretreatment diminishes the expression of c-fos in these brain areas. Finally, Aim Ill will use western blot analysis to examine levels of intracellular messengers known to be increased during withdrawal to determine whether these are altered following pretreatment with low-doses of naltrexone. The information collected will provide the necessary foundation for designing detoxification trials in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21DA015123-03
Application #
6866456
Study Section
Human Development Research Subcommittee (NIDA)
Program Officer
Lin, Geraline
Project Start
2003-03-15
Project End
2008-01-31
Budget Start
2005-02-01
Budget End
2008-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$157,000
Indirect Cost
Name
Thomas Jefferson University
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
053284659
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19107
Scavone, Jillian L; Van Bockstaele, Elisabeth J (2009) Mu-opioid receptor redistribution in the locus coeruleus upon precipitation of withdrawal in opiate-dependent rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 292:401-11
Van Bockstaele, Elisabeth J; Qian, Yaping; Sterling, Robert C et al. (2008) Low dose naltrexone administration in morphine dependent rats attenuates withdrawal-induced norepinephrine efflux in forebrain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:1048-56
Van Bockstaele, E J; Rudoy, C; Mannelli, P et al. (2006) Elevated mu-opioid receptor expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract accompanies attenuated withdrawal signs after chronic low dose naltrexone in opiate-dependent rats. J Neurosci Res 83:508-14
Mannelli, Paolo; Gottheil, Edward; Van Bockstaele, Elisabeth J (2006) Antagonist treatment of opioid withdrawal translational low dose approach. J Addict Dis 25:1-8
Mannelli, Paolo; Gottheil, Edward; Peoples, James F et al. (2004) Chronic very low dose naltrexone administration attenuates opioid withdrawal expression. Biol Psychiatry 56:261-8