Several factors contribute to nicotine dependence, but dysregulation of brain circuits underlying reward sensitivity play a fundamental role. Chronic drug use is thought to result in the attribution of excessive motivational value to drugs at the expense of natural rewards. The neurobiological processes mediating reduced sensitivity to natural rewards are still obscure. We do not know whether brain reward sensitivity differences are already present in young smokers or whether these differences develop only after long-term nicotine use. Furthermore, we do not yet know how brain reward sensitivity differences are related to behavioral and subjective measures of hedonic capacity (i.e., the tendency to not enjoy pleasurable activities). The objective of this application is to assess the feasibility of usng a newly discovered neural biomarker to characterize youths' individual differences in reward sensitivity. Our central hypothesis is that young smokers will already show blunted brain responses to natural rewards and that these differences will correlate with behavioral and self- report measures of hedonic capacity. To test this hypothesis we will assess reward sensitivity in young smokers and never smokers using dense array event-related potentials (ERPs), behavioral, and self-report measures. This multi-modal approach will allow us to link subjective and behavioral variation in hedonic capacity to its neural underpinnings. We will achieve our objective by pursuing the following Specific Aims: 1) Characterize in young smokers the behavioral correlates of brain reward sensitivity; 2) Determine the role exerted by nicotine on youths' reward sensitivity. Our approach is innovative because the multimodal assessment proposed here will allow us to investigate the relationships existing among neurobiological, behavioral, and subjective domains of the reward-processing construct and to determine how nicotine alters them in young smokers. Determining in youths how neural, behavioral, and subjective measures of reward sensitivity interrelate is significant because it is the necessary preliminary step to understanding how individual differences in hedonic capacity confer vulnerability to nicotine dependence. The results of this project will contribute to the development of new and effective evidence-based prevention strategies for individuals at risk, and to the creation of more successful interventions to promote abstinence in individuals already addicted.
The proposed research is relevant to public health because determining if young smokers have low sensitivity for intrinsically rewarding stimuli is the necessary preliminary step to developing new treatments aimed at restoring the saliency value of natural reinforcers and significantly increasing the success of interventions aimed at preventing nicotine addiction and promoting smoking cessation. Hence, the project is relevant to the NIDA Behavioral and Brain Development Branch's mission of characterizing the neurobiological consequences of drugs of abuse on the developing brain and the mechanisms underlying these consequences.
| Versace, Francesco; Engelmann, Jeffrey M; Deweese, Menton M et al. (2017) Beyond Cue Reactivity: Non-Drug-Related Motivationally Relevant Stimuli Are Necessary to Understand Reactivity to Drug-Related Cues. Nicotine Tob Res 19:663-669 |
| Engelmann, Jeffrey M; Versace, Francesco; Gewirtz, Jonathan C et al. (2016) Individual differences in brain responses to cigarette-related cues and pleasant stimuli in young smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 163:229-35 |
