Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering require an accessible, abundant, and reproducible source of cells that fulfill efficacy and safety requirements. During the past decade, basic science and clinical investigators have turned to adipose tissue as a cell source;however, there remains substantial controversy concerning the functional identity of the adipose-derived cells. Are they """"""""stromal"""""""" or """"""""stem"""""""" cells? This is not simply a semantic distinction. A true """"""""stem"""""""" cell has the ability both to self-renew and to differentiate along multiple lineage pathways. While adipose-derived cells have been demonstrated to display these feature in vitro, the critical """"""""gold standard"""""""" experiment, serial transplantation and reconstitution of a functional adipose depot in vivo, has never been reported in the literature. This revised R21 proposal tests our hypothesis that adipose tissue contains adipogenic """"""""stem"""""""" cells in both the heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells derived by collagenase digest of the adipose tissue and the relatively homogeneous, adherent, culture expanded adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC).
Aim 1 will employ the C57BL/6-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30cha/J mouse model as a source of easily trackable GFP+ adipose derived SVF cells or ASCs. Flow cytometry sorted cells will be seeded onto silk scaffolds and implanted into wild type C57BL/6 recipients. After a 4 week period, the constructs will be harvested and the process of transplantation repeated serially. Outcome parameters will be monitored and quantified by flow cytometry, histochemistry, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and colony forming unit assays. Serial transplantation of intact adipose tissue explants will serve as a positive control.
Aim 2 will perform comparable studies using flow cytometry sorted human SVF cells and ASC transplanted into immunodeficient mice. We anticipate that adipose tissue will prove to contain a stem cell population capable of reconstituting an intact fat pad upon serial transplantation.

Public Health Relevance

The outcomes of this proposal will enhance our understanding of stem cell biology at the basic science level by determining if a solid organ such as adipose tissue contains a stem cell population with equivalent features to those exhibited by hematopoietic stem cells, the recognized """"""""gold standard"""""""" for adult stem cells. In addition, the outcomes will have far-reaching implications at the translational/clinical level with respect to regenerative medical strategies, approaches, and best-practices.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
7R21DK094254-02
Application #
8511619
Study Section
Cellular Aspects of Diabetes and Obesity Study Section (CADO)
Program Officer
Haft, Carol R
Project Start
2012-07-16
Project End
2014-06-30
Budget Start
2013-07-01
Budget End
2014-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$239,198
Indirect Cost
$72,167
Name
Tulane University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
053785812
City
New Orleans
State
LA
Country
United States
Zip Code
70118
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Grayson, Warren L; Bunnell, Bruce A; Martin, Elizabeth et al. (2015) Stromal cells and stem cells in clinical bone regeneration. Nat Rev Endocrinol 11:140-50
Strong, Amy L; Burow, Matthew E; Gimble, Jeffrey M et al. (2015) Concise review: The obesity cancer paradigm: exploration of the interactions and crosstalk with adipose stem cells. Stem Cells 33:318-26