Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging imaging methodology for mapping human brain function. In contrast to positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which use large scanners and require the subject to remain immobile inside a tube, DOT employs a wearable imaging cap. The DOT cap is well-suited for several situations not amenable to fixed scanner environments including imaging moving subjects who might otherwise require sedation, immovable subjects, such as patients in intensive care, and subjects with metal implants. The cap also has great potential for studies of human development in children that would benefit from enriched environments for a wider range of behavioral paradigms. DOT approaches have a number of potential benefits over previous optical approaches, including volumetric localization, quantitative imaging, and better discrimination of cortical signals from scalp and skull. The results of imaging human breast and small animals with DOT suggest a resolution of <1 cm resolution is possible on the peripheral cortex in adult humans, better still in infants and young children. However extension of DOT methods to application in mapping human brain function is difficult In this grant, we will address instrumentation challenges related to high-density, full-coverage imaging arrays and develop a new functional DOT system (DOT) for human brain activity (Aim 1). Complementary algorithms will be developed for reporting functional brain maps in a common coordinate system and for improving the contrast to background of stimulated brain signals (Aim 2). Feasibility will be established with comparative fMRI/DOT studies of human adults and children during rest and during visual, motor, auditory, and language tasks (Aim 3). Successful development of these new DOT methods will significantly enhance the image quality and reliability of DOT functional maps and increase the utility and impact of DOT for a wider variety of neuroscience applications. If the methods and experimental tasks developed in this proposal are successful, they will drive a larger program to include developmental studies such as literacy-related skills in younger, pre-literate children as well as in children with atypical development of such skills. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21EB007924-01A1
Application #
7209359
Study Section
Biomedical Imaging Technology Study Section (BMIT)
Program Officer
Zhang, Yantian
Project Start
2007-02-01
Project End
2009-01-31
Budget Start
2007-02-01
Budget End
2008-01-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$202,208
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
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White, Brian R; Culver, Joseph P (2010) Phase-encoded retinotopy as an evaluation of diffuse optical neuroimaging. Neuroimage 49:568-77
White, Brian R; Culver, Joseph P (2010) Quantitative evaluation of high-density diffuse optical tomography: in vivo resolution and mapping performance. J Biomed Opt 15:026006
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Dehghani, Hamid; White, Brian R; Zeff, Benjamin W et al. (2009) Depth sensitivity and image reconstruction analysis of dense imaging arrays for mapping brain function with diffuse optical tomography. Appl Opt 48:D137-43
Markham, Joanne; White, Brian R; Zeff, Benjamin W et al. (2009) Blind identification of evoked human brain activity with independent component analysis of optical data. Hum Brain Mapp 30:2382-92

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