The objective of this mechanism-based research is to devise safe and efficient protein particulate nanocarriers (PPC) for small RNA delivery. To accomplish this, we plan to exploit the intracellular trafficking machinery to direct the delivery f small RNAs to their site of action while maximizing small RNA delivery. Small RNAs are used in a range of health applications. However, their potential has yet to be fully realized. This is largely due to inefficient delivery: only 1-2% of small RNAs reach the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC): the site of action using conventional techniques. Small RNA delivery is a multistep process in which inefficiencies at any stage can compromise the efficacy of gene silencing. In particular, the intracellular fate of synthetic carriers is not well understood and tus poorly controlled. Recent studies indicate that active RISCs are functionally and physically coupled to MVBs and are not free in the cytoplasm as previously thought. Thus, we hypothesize that the effect of small RNA delivery can be significantly increased by actively targeting MVBs. We propose the design of PPCs containing signaling moieties that are recognized by the cell sorting machinery and that serve as molecular zip codes for the directed transport of small RNAs to the RISC. This could ultimately lead to enhanced gene silencing. This strategy could improve RNA-based therapy by allowing for the administration of lower doses of therapeutics, thereby reducing side effects and improving safety profiles.
Our goal is to develop biomaterials that will serve as 'molecular zip codes' for the directed transport of small RNAs to their site of action, thereby enhancing gene silencing. If successful, this development will lead to safer and more effective RNA-based therapy that could be used for treating a variety of human diseases.
