We will address two major weaknesses in previous studies examining the association of air pollution with perinatal outcomes. The first weakness, exposure error, will be addressed by linking a comprehensive and large birth database with spatially and temporally resolved exposure estimates from an advanced exposure modeling system. The second weakness, namely, minimal knowledge concerning time-activity and behavior changes that affect women's personal exposures during pregnancy, will be addressed by following a prospective cohort using questionnaires and GPS time-activity sampling. Outcomes include low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD). Exploratory analysis will be conducted for ultrasound outcomes in the prospective cohort. The long-term goal will be to develop methods that can be applied to a large population- based study of births that will include more intensive outcome and exposure assessments, as well as assessments of maternal-fetal genetic variation.
The specific aims are as follows: 1) To determine the association of mothers'residential exposure to traffic-related air pollutants with LBW and PTD in a large retrospective cohort. We will study this birth cohort (N=97,500) with detailed clinical data for the mother during pregnancy. Outdoor concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at each residence will be estimated and summarized by month and trimester for each subject. Logistic regression will be performed adjusting for known or suspected confounding factors not generally available in birth registries. In utero windows of vulnerability to air pollutants will be examined. 2) To test prospective recruiting methods and develop data collection instruments that can be used in a planned larger study using ultrasound data. We will prospectively recruit 100 subjects during their first prenatal visit. The subjects will be followed by an environmental and behavior questionnaire coupled with one-week GPS sampling three times during their pregnancy. Changes in time-activity and air pollution exposures during pregnancy will be assessed. In addition, methods will be developed to examine the association of air pollution with ultrasound outcomes (e.g. head circumference), which may serve as biomarkers of in utero growth restrictions. 3) To test measurement and modeling methods. We will conduct extensive exposure measurements for 40 of the prospective subjects, and models will be developed and validated to estimate outdoor, in-transit and personal exposures. Model performance will form the basis for the design of a larger study.

Public Health Relevance

The knowledge that will emerge from this study will be of benefit to public health by identifying and describing environmental factors affecting adverse birth outcomes. This research is expected to have an impact on decisions regarding the protection of health in pregnant women who are susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21ES016379-02
Application #
7686271
Study Section
Infectious Diseases, Reproductive Health, Asthma and Pulmonary Conditions Study Section (IRAP)
Program Officer
Gray, Kimberly A
Project Start
2008-09-11
Project End
2012-08-31
Budget Start
2009-09-01
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$153,100
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Irvine
Department
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
046705849
City
Irvine
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92697
Masri, Shahir; Li, Lianfa; Dang, Andy et al. (2018) Source Characterization and Exposure Modeling of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Concentrations in Southern California. Atmos Environ (1994) 177:175-186
Li, Lianfa; Lurmann, Fred; Habre, Rima et al. (2017) Constrained Mixed-Effect Models with Ensemble Learning for Prediction of Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations at High Spatiotemporal Resolution. Environ Sci Technol 51:9920-9929
Laurent, Olivier; Wu, Jun; Li, Lianfa et al. (2013) Green spaces and pregnancy outcomes in Southern California. Health Place 24:190-5
Li, Lianfa; Wu, Jun; Ghosh, Jo Kay et al. (2013) Estimating Spatiotemporal Variability of Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations with A Hierarchical Model. Atmos Environ (1994) 71:54-63
Laurent, Olivier; Wu, Jun; Li, Lianfa et al. (2013) Investigating the association between birth weight and complementary air pollution metrics: a cohort study. Environ Health 12:18
Wu, Jun; Jiang, Chengsheng; Jaimes, Guillermo et al. (2013) Travel patterns during pregnancy: comparison between Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and questionnaire data. Environ Health 12:86
Li, Lianfa; Wu, Jun; Wilhelm, Michelle et al. (2012) Use of generalized additive models and cokriging of spatial residuals to improve land-use regression estimates of nitrogen oxides in Southern California. Atmos Environ (1994) 55:220-228
Wu, Jun; Tjoa, Thomas; Li, Lianfa et al. (2012) Modeling personal particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pb-pah) exposure in human subjects in Southern California. Environ Health 11:47
Wu, Jun; Jiang, Chengsheng; Houston, Douglas et al. (2011) Automated time activity classification based on global positioning system (GPS) tracking data. Environ Health 10:101
Wu, Jun; Wilhelm, Michelle; Chung, Judith et al. (2011) Comparing exposure assessment methods for traffic-related air pollution in an adverse pregnancy outcome study. Environ Res 111:685-92

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