Background: We now know that children's language learning is strongly influenced by their linguistic environment including the type and quality of the language they hear. We also know that larger vocabularies during early childhood are associated with positive academic, economic, and even health outcomes later in life. Lacking, however, is a mechanistic understanding of the nature of the causal links between children's word learning and long-term outcomes. The current research addresses this gap by examining whether learning certain ?seed words??words with high inductive potential?accelerates word learning to a greater degree than other words and causes higher performance in non-linguistic categorization tasks.
Specific Aim 1 : To identify ?seed? words that are associated with consistently faster vocabulary growth Specific Aim 2: To determine whether teaching ?seed? words yields positive language outcomes.
Specific Aim 3 : To test when teaching seed words promotes category induction in nonverbal tasks. Methodology: We will examine children's language and cognitive development in a microgenetic longitudinal study. One-hundred twenty 30- to 36-month-old children will be randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (a) a high inductive word training condition, (b) a low inductive potential word training condition, and (c) a control condition in which children do not receive language training. We predict that children trained on previously identified ?seed words? will have faster vocabulary development and higher performance on a nonverbal category induction task than children in the other two experimental conditions. Significance: The proposed studies will contribute to a greater understanding of children's language development. By undertaking a theory-guided identification of early-learned ?seed? words and measuring the effect that learning these words has on subsequent language development, the proposed work will inform the design of future language interventions. By investigating the relationship between word knowledge and category learning, the proposed work aims to understand why language abilities are so closely linked to other cognitive abilities.

Public Health Relevance

We examine whether children's early learning of ?seed words??words with high inductive potential?predicts faster vocabulary growth in subsequent months and whether knowing such words improves cognitive function. This work helps elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the large differences observed in children's linguistic proficiency and helps to understand why early language proficiency is so predictive of later performance on putatively nonverbal tasks.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21HD092867-02
Application #
9527849
Study Section
Language and Communication Study Section (LCOM)
Program Officer
Alvarez, Ruben P
Project Start
2017-07-13
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715