Although many forms of aggressive behavior serve crucial functions in preserving the structure and social order of non-human primate groups, in some contexts aggression becomes prolonged, escalated, and intensified to the degree that it has far reaching deleterious consequences on the physical health, social life, and psychological well-being of socially housed laboratory primates. Sensitivity to laboratory animal well-being is passionate and intense in the public domain, and animal welfare groups make the claim that many conditions of captivity increase traumatic aggression. In the NIH/NCRR sponsored SPF breeding programs of rhesus and pigtail macaques, multimate-multifemale social housing in large outdoor corrals stimulates the natural social and environmental features characteristic of the species, enhancing their reproductive vigor and their psychological well-being. Despite this, one of the most vexing problems of socially housed macaques is their unpredictable propensity for exhibiting spontaneous, deleterious aggression. The proposed research therefore aims to investigate the factors responsible for the expression of deleterious aggression in outdoor, corral housed rhesus and pigtail macaques. Through a collaboration of experiences scientists from several institutions that maintain state-of-the-art laboratories, the methodology incorporates the most recent advances in the study of the relationship between behavior and genetics, brain monoamines and metabolites. brain androgens (and possibly estrogens), peripheral gonadal hormones and immunological measures. Intensive sampling of these physiological measures will be combined with computerized behavioral data collection of deleterious aggression, affiliation, post-conflict reconciliation, and sexual behavior. Through a series of longitudinal, multivariate comparisons of individuals, gender, groups, social contexts, physical environment, seasonal, and maturational factors in two closely related macaque species, this research aims to predict individuals and/or groups who are at risk for the expression of deleterious aggression. As predictor variables for deleterious aggression are discovered , this research also proposes to develop and scientifically document the incorporation of these findings into sound management practices that will enable colony managers to predict, prevent, to minimize harmful and traumatic aggression, thus optimizing the psychological well-being and reproductive performance of their socially housed breeding colonies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
Type
Resource-Related Research Projects (R24)
Project #
1R24RR009983-01
Application #
2285357
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (CM)
Project Start
1995-01-20
Project End
1999-01-19
Budget Start
1995-01-20
Budget End
1996-01-19
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
1995
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Alpha Genesis, Inc.
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Yemassee
State
SC
Country
United States
Zip Code
29945
Cleveland, Allison; Westergaard, Gregory C; Trenkle, Marisa K et al. (2004) Physiological predictors of reproductive outcome and mother-infant behaviors in captive rhesus macaque females (Macaca mulatta). Neuropsychopharmacology 29:901-10
Roudebush, William E; Gerald, Melissa S; Cano, Jose A et al. (2002) Relationship between platelet-activating factor concentration in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) spermatozoa and sperm motility. Am J Primatol 56:1-7
Westergaard, G C; Lussier, I D; Higley, J D (2001) Between-species variation in the development of hand preference among macaques. Neuropsychologia 39:1373-8
Westergaard, G C; Lussier, I D; Higley, J D (2001) Familial influences on hand preference: genotypic variation between closely related primate species. Dev Neuropsychol 20:605-17
Westergaard, G C; Lussier, I D; Suomi, S J et al. (2001) Stress correlates of hand preference in rhesus macaques. Dev Psychobiol 38:110-5
Westergaard, G C; Champoux, M; Suomi, S J (2001) Plasma cortisol is associated with handedness in infant rhesus monkeys. Dev Psychobiol 38:116-22
Westergaard, G C; Byrne, G; Suomi, S J (2000) Handedness and cortisol in tufted capuchin monkey infants. Dev Psychobiol 36:213-7
Westergaard, G C; Izard, M K; Drake, J H (2000) Reproductive performance of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in two outdoor housing conditions. Am J Primatol 50:87-93
Westergaard, G C; Liv, C; Haynie, M K et al. (2000) A comparative study of aimed throwing by monkeys and humans. Neuropsychologia 38:1511-7
Westergaard, G C; Suomi, S J; Higley, J D et al. (1999) CSF 5-HIAA and aggression in female macaque monkeys: species and interindividual differences. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 146:440-6

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