The overall objective of the work proposed in this application is to increase the clinical efficacy of continuous low dose rate irradiation (CLDRI) through the use of halogenated pyrimidines as radiation sensitizers. The focus of this proposal is on gastrointestinal malignancies. Although forms of CLDRI, such as implant brachytherapy, radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, and 90Y microspheres are promising advances in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal malignancies, the great majority of patients still succumb to their disease. 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd), a thymidine analogue, is a radiation sensitizer when it is incorporated into DNA. Incorporation can be modulated by concurrent treatment with fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which are also radiosensitizing agents when used alone. It is hypothesized that the appropriate administration of these halogenated pyrimidines will increase the therapeutic index of CLDRI sufficiently to improve tumor control. The long term goals of this proposal are: 1) to quantify the potential for halogenated pyrimidine mediated radiosensitization of CLDRI and 2) to determine the conditions necessary to produce selective tumor radiosensitization . These long term goals will be addressed by two specific aims. The first is to assess the potential for and predictors of radiosensitization in two human colon cancer cell lines with widely different radiation sensitivity (HT29 and LS174T). The use of a cell culture system permits screening many conditions expeditiously, thus decreasing the number of permutations that must be explored through animal trials. The second goal is to determine, through the use of athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of the same tumor cell lines used for the in vitro studies, the conditions for improving the therapeutic index of CLDRI through the use of halogenated pyrimidines. The nude mouse xenograft system permits an assessment of the importance of three dimensional cellular architecture and physiology on IdUrd incorporation and the resulting radiosensitization of tumor compared to normal tissue. In addition to average tumor incorporation, attention will be focused on quantifying the heterogeneity of incorporation among cells within the tumor by using immunohistochemical techniques and on determining the impact of such heterogeneity on tumor response to subsequent CLDRI. These data will be critical in constructing rational clinical trials that combine halogenated pyrimidines with brachytherapy, radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, and 90Y microspheres in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
First Independent Research Support & Transition (FIRST) Awards (R29)
Project #
5R29CA053440-04
Application #
2095319
Study Section
Radiation Study Section (RAD)
Project Start
1990-12-07
Project End
1995-11-30
Budget Start
1993-12-01
Budget End
1994-11-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
791277940
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
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Parsels, L A; Parsels, J D; Wagner, L M et al. (1998) Mechanism and pharmacological specificity of dUTPase-mediated protection from DNA damage and cytotoxicity in human tumor cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 42:357-62
Lawrence, T S; Chang, E Y; Davis, M A et al. (1996) Effect of irradiation on bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in human colon cancer xenografts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34:617-21
Lawrence, T S; Chang, E Y; Hahn, T M et al. (1996) Radiosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells by 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34:867-72
Tang, H Y; Weber, K L; Lawrence, T S et al. (1996) Dependence of fluorodeoxyuridine-induced cytotoxicity and megabase DNA fragment formation on S phase progression in HT29 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 37:486-90
Lawrence, T S; Davis, M A; Chang, E Y et al. (1995) Lack of dependence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-mediated radiosensitization on cytotoxicity. Radiat Res 143:281-5
Lawrence, T S; Davis, M A; Normolle, D P (1995) Effect of bromodeoxyuridine on radiation-induced DNA damage and repair based on DNA fragment size using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Radiat Res 144:282-7
Davis, M A; Tang, H Y; Maybaum, J et al. (1995) Dependence of fluorodeoxyuridine-mediated radiosensitization on S phase progression. Int J Radiat Biol 67:509-17