Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are defined by specific behavioral impairments in social interactions, verbal and non-verbal (gaze, face expression, gestures, prosody) communication, imaginative play, and by restricted and repetitive interests and behavior. Underlying these behaviors are deficits in social and non- social cognition and information processing. Interventions for autism have largely focused on the preschool years and behavioral methods. Few interventions are available for adults with ASD, and even fewer focus on the remediation of cognitive and social-emotional deficits in a way designed to improve complex adaptive behavior essential for success and achievement in adult life. As a consequence, many verbal adults with ASD experience substantial lifetime disability resulting in great personal and family suffering and great financial cost. In response to RFA-MH-09-021, """"""""Novel Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Disorders,"""""""" we propose the first step in adapting, piloting and preliminarily testing of the efficacy of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET) for young transitional age high functioning adults with ASD to improve adaptive functioning and adult life achievement in this population. CET is a neurodevelopmentally-based, social-cognitive and neurocognitive rehabilitation program originally developed for schizophrenia that has demonstrated significant improvements in cognition and important functional outcomes. Many of the social, communication, and cognitive impairments experienced by persons with ASD (e.g., impaired theory of mind, deficient emotion perception, poor emotion regulation and expression, inflexibility, executive dysfunction) are also shared by individuals with schizophrenia. These impairments are directly targeted by CET, suggesting that CET may confer substantial benefits to verbal individuals with ASD who often do poorly as adults and for whom few interventions exist. This project will consist of two phases. In the first (R21) phase, adaptations to the CET treatment reflecting the uniqueness of autism will be made through the development of a supplement to the existing CET treatment manual. Clinical experts in autism and schizophrenia will collaborate to adapt CET, and then conduct an uncontrolled pilot study of these adaptations with 12 young adults with ASD to demonstrate feasibility, identify the need for additional adaptations, and provide an initial evaluation of the potential social-emotional and cognitive effects of the approach. In the second (R33) phase, a small-scale randomized trial with 55 young adults with ASD will be conducted to obtain initial efficacy data on a broad range of cognitive, functional, and neurobiological outcomes to support the feasibility of a larger and more definitive trial of CET for ASD. The proposed R21-R33 will result in the completion of the first rigorous clinical trial of a proven cognitive rehabilitation approach with verbal adults with ASD. If successful, this project will result in a major step forward in available interventions for adults with ASD, and have implications for both younger individuals with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders that share similar cognitive, affective and social impairments.

Public Health Relevance

This project proposes to bring an evidence-based cognitive and social-emotional rehabilitation approach (Cognitive Enhancement Therapy) to young verbal adults with autism spectrum disorders who often experience substantial lifelong disability despite apparent skills. At the core of these disorders are cognitive and social-emotional difficulties that significantly limit functioning, quality of life, and life achievement. Through the adaptation and testing of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for individuals with autism spectrum disorders, this project aims to remediate these cognitive and social-emotional information processing limitations and thereby improve complex adaptive behavior, reducing the considerable burden of these disorders on individuals with autism, as well as their families and society.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33)
Project #
4R33MH085851-03
Application #
8206306
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZMH1-ERB-L (02))
Program Officer
Gilotty, Lisa
Project Start
2009-06-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2011-05-01
Budget End
2012-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$198,582
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Eack, Shaun M; Hogarty, Susan S; Greenwald, Deborah P et al. (2018) Cognitive enhancement therapy for adult autism spectrum disorder: Results of an 18-month randomized clinical trial. Autism Res 11:519-530
Haigh, Sarah M; Walsh, Jennifer A; Mazefsky, Carla A et al. (2018) Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities. J Autism Dev Disord 48:2653-2662
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Mazefsky, Carla A; Eack, Shaun M (2018) The combined impact of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability. Autism 22:703-711
Eack, Shaun M; Wojtalik, Jessica A; Keshavan, Matcheri S et al. (2017) Social-cognitive brain function and connectivity during visual perspective-taking in autism and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 183:102-109
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Mazefsky, Carla A; Eack, Shaun M et al. (2017) Correlates of Social Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Social Cognition. Res Autism Spectr Disord 35:25-34
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Minshew, Nancy J; Mazefsky, Carla A et al. (2017) Perception of Life as Stressful, Not Biological Response to Stress, is Associated with Greater Social Disability in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 47:1-16
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Lauren; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J et al. (2015) The relationship between stress and social functioning in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability. Autism Res 8:164-73
Eack, Shaun M; Mazefsky, Carla A; Minshew, Nancy J (2015) Misinterpretation of facial expressions of emotion in verbal adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism 19:308-15
Bahorik, Amber L; Cornelius, Jack R; Bangalore, Srihari S et al. (2014) BRIEF REPORT: THE IMPACT OF ALCOHOL AND CANNABIS MISUSE ON COGNITION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA. Schizophr Res Cogn 1:160-163
Eack, Shaun M; Greenwald, Deborah P; Hogarty, Susan S et al. (2013) Cognitive enhancement therapy for adults with autism spectrum disorder: results of an 18-month feasibility study. J Autism Dev Disord 43:2866-77

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