Aneuploidy, an incorrect chromosome number, has a profound impact on human health. It is the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans and a hallmark of cancer. The long-term goal of our studies is to define the molecular mechanisms that prevent the occurrence of aneuploidy during gametogenesis and the impact of an incorrect karyotype on cell physiology and proliferation. In our work on gametogenesis we focus on determining the molecular mechanisms that induce germ cell fate and that transform the canonical mitotic cell cycle into the unique meiotic cell division program. Gamete cell specification is poorly understood in all eukaryotes yet the process is so critical for sexual reproduction. We will study germ cell fate specification in budding yeast where this cell fate is induced by the transcription factor Ime1. We will investigate how multiple signals are integrated at the IME1 promoter to ensure that germ cell fate is only induced under the appropriate conditions. We will also examine the mechanisms that transform the canonical mitotic cell cycle into the unique gametogenesis-accompanying meiotic division. We will investigate how inappropriate premature expression of a CDK subtype, Clb3-CDK, suppresses meiosis I and instead induces a mitotic division. Furthermore we will study the molecular mechanisms that ensure that Clb3-CDKs are not expressed prematurely. Our previous studies showed that inhibition of translation prevents Clb3 expression during meiosis I. We will now determine the molecular mechanisms governing meiosis I translational inhibition. The mechanisms governing gametogenesis and meiosis are highly conserved from yeast to human. Thus, the regulatory processes discovered and characterized in yeast will likely guide the way for studies in higher eukaryotes including human. In our work on the consequences of aneuploidy on cell physiology we focus on the effects of an imbalanced karyotype on cell proliferation and protein quality control. Our previous studies in yeast revealed a set of phenotypes shared among many different aneuploidies, which we call the aneuploidy-associated stresses. They include a transcriptional stress response, a cell proliferation defect, increased need for energy, genome instability and proteotoxic stress. Importantly, our studies in mammalian cells revealed that these aneuploidy-associated stresses are conserved across eukaryotes. We will now focus on two aneuploidy- associated phenotypes and investigate how they are connected. We will determine the molecular basis for aneuploidy-induced proteotoxicity and how it contributes to the proliferation defects of aneuploid cells. Cancers are highly aneuploid and under profound proteotoxic stress. Determining which protein quality control pathways are vulnerable in cells with an altered karyotype and how this affects cell proliferation is thus highly relevant to understanding the physiological state of cancer cells.
Aneuploidy, an incorrect chromosome number that results from chromosome mis-segregation, has a profound impact on human health. Chromosome mis-segregation during gametogenesis leads to birth defects and infertility and is the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation in humans. Chromosome mis- segregation during mitosis is a hallmark of cancer. More than 90% of all solid human tumors are aneuploid. Understanding how aneuploidy arises and its impact on cellular physiology is thus vital if we want to make progress towards understanding these human diseases. The long-term goal of our studies is to define the molecular mechanisms of gametogenesis and the impact of an incorrect karyotype on cell physiology and proliferation. We use the budding yeast S. cerevisiae as a model system to address these questions. Given that the processes governing cell physiology and division are highly conserved from yeast to man, it is likely that our studies in yeast will provide the foundation for determining the causes of infertility, birth defects and cancer in humans.
| Santaguida, Stefano; Richardson, Amelia; Iyer, Divya Ramalingam et al. (2017) Chromosome Mis-segregation Generates Cell-Cycle-Arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes that Are Eliminated by the Immune System. Dev Cell 41:638-651.e5 |
| Beach, Rebecca R; Ricci-Tam, Chiara; Brennan, Christopher M et al. (2017) Aneuploidy Causes Non-genetic Individuality. Cell 169:229-242.e21 |
| Sheltzer, Jason M; Ko, Julie H; Replogle, John M et al. (2017) Single-chromosome Gains Commonly Function as Tumor Suppressors. Cancer Cell 31:240-255 |
| Dodgson, Stacie E; Santaguida, Stefano; Kim, Sharon et al. (2016) The pleiotropic deubiquitinase Ubp3 confers aneuploidy tolerance. Genes Dev 30:2259-2271 |
| Torres, Eduardo M; Springer, Michael; Amon, Angelika (2016) No current evidence for widespread dosage compensation in S. cerevisiae. Elife 5:e10996 |
| Weidberg, Hilla; Moretto, Fabien; Spedale, Gianpiero et al. (2016) Nutrient Control of Yeast Gametogenesis Is Mediated by TORC1, PKA and Energy Availability. PLoS Genet 12:e1006075 |
| Dodgson, Stacie E; Kim, Sharon; Costanzo, Michael et al. (2016) Chromosome-Specific and Global Effects of Aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 202:1395-409 |
| Knouse, Kristin A; Wu, Jie; Amon, Angelika (2016) Assessment of megabase-scale somatic copy number variation using single-cell sequencing. Genome Res 26:376-84 |
| Bonney, Megan E; Moriya, Hisao; Amon, Angelika (2015) Aneuploid proliferation defects in yeast are not driven by copy number changes of a few dosage-sensitive genes. Genes Dev 29:898-903 |
| Santaguida, Stefano; Vasile, Eliza; White, Eileen et al. (2015) Aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses limit autophagic degradation. Genes Dev 29:2010-21 |
