Arrestins were discovered as negative regulators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via G proteins. New data show that the free and receptor-bound arrestins initiate signaling through MAP kinases, which regulate cell death, survival, and proliferation. For example, free and receptor-bound arrestin-3 scaffolds ASK1-MKK4/7-JNK1/2/3 cascades, promoting the activation of JNK family kinases. The two non-visual arrestins interact with ~800 different GPCRs in humans. We propose to identify arrestin elements responsible for receptor specificity, and elucidate the structural basis of the assembly of multi-protein signaling complexes (signalosomes) organized by arrestins. Our new crystal structure of arrestin-3 in the presence of an abundant cytoplasmic molecule IP6 revealed receptor-bound-like (active) conformation of arrestin-3. The ability of arrestin-3 to assume this conformation in the absence of GPCRs likely explains receptor-independent scaffolding activity of arrestin-3. We identified arrestin-3 elements critical for JNK and ERK activation, as well as conformational requirements of distinct branches of arrestin-mediated signaling. We constructed arrestin-3 mutants that bind ASK1, MKK and JNK, but do not promote JNK activation and identified short arrestin-3 peptides that enhance or suppress JNK activity in cells. We will test the potential of signaling-biased arrestins and arrestin-derived molecular tools to facilitate cell death or survival. Molecular tools that specifically increase or block pro-apoptotic signaling have therapeutic potential in disorders associated with excessive cell proliferation (e.g., cancer) or death (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases). Using arrestin-3 mutant specific for dopamine D1 receptor we showed that arrestin-mediated signaling from D1 plays a role in the behavioral sensitization to L-DOPA and development of L-DOPA-induced diskinesia in mouse model of Parkinson?s disease, but other GPCRs also contribute to these phenomena. We believe that signaling-biased arrestins and arrestinbased molecular tools with specific functional capability will help elucidate the intricacies of cellular signaling and yield novel potent therapeutic tools.

Public Health Relevance

We propose to focus on the elucidation of the structural basis of arrestin preference for particular GPCRs, arrestin-dependent activation of pro-apoptotic JNK family kinases, pro-survival ERK1/2 kinases, and upstream activators of these pathways using biochemistry, biophysics, X-ray crystallography, cell- based assays, and experiments in living mice. We propose to test the potential of signaling-biased arrestins to connect to GPCRs of choice pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signaling in cells. Molecular tools that specifically increase or block pro-apoptotic signaling have therapeutic potential in disorders associated with excessive cell proliferation (eg, cancer) or death (eg, neurodegenerative diseases).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Unknown (R35)
Project #
5R35GM122491-03
Application #
9689015
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1)
Program Officer
Koduri, Sailaja
Project Start
2017-05-01
Project End
2022-04-30
Budget Start
2019-05-01
Budget End
2020-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
965717143
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37203
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