Thrombomodulin (TM) binds thrombin on the surface of the endothelium and accelerates the activation of protein C, a natural anticoagulant. The long term goal of this project is to understand the nature of the regulation of TM function, and in a broad sense, how the regulatory proteins of the coagulation system function. Currently, the relationship between TM structure and function is poorly understood, but some of the properties of the system make it an ideal model for other coagulation complexes. This application is designed to determine: 1) the number and the nature of the membrane interaction sites for both TM and protein C, 2) the sites of interaction of thrombin with TM, the orientation of the membrane bound complex and the influence of other coagulation factors on this orientation and conformation of thrombin in the membrane bound complex, 3) whether heparin is associated with TM and, if so, to analyze the function of the associated heparin, 4) the molecular basis of why human TM appears to be a weaker direct inhibitor of thrombin procoagulant activity than other species, 5) whether, when and how lupus anticoagulants, known to be associated with thrombosis, inhibit TM activity in purified systems and on cell surfaces, 6) which of the vitamin K dependent Gla residues are required for protein C activation and for expression of anticoagulant activity, 7) where and how Ca2+ contributes to protein C activation in the soluble and membrane associated complexes, and 8) whether the active center of thrombin in the thrombin-TM complex resembles that of gamma thrombin. These studies should aid in our understanding of how the thrombin-TM complex functions, and increase our understanding of both the structure and the topography of the complex. Furthermore, the approach will allow a more complete understanding of the role of posttranslational modifications in the unique properties of TM and establish a direct experimental foundation for comparing and contrasting TM to other cellular receptors such as the LDL receptor.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37HL030340-09
Application #
3485986
Study Section
Hematology Subcommittee 2 (HEM)
Project Start
1983-06-01
Project End
1993-05-31
Budget Start
1991-06-01
Budget End
1992-05-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
1991
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Department
Type
DUNS #
937727907
City
Oklahoma City
State
OK
Country
United States
Zip Code
73104
Cooper, Scott T; Rezaie, Alireza R; Esmon, Charles T et al. (2002) Inhibition of a thrombin anion-binding exosite-2 mutant by the glycosaminoglycan-dependent serpins protein C inhibitor and heparin cofactor II. Thromb Res 107:67-73
Carson, C W; Comp, P C; Rezaie, A R et al. (2000) Antibodies to thrombomodulin are found in patients with lupus anticoagulant and unexplained thrombosis. J Rheumatol 27:384-90
Kurosawa, S; Esmon, C T; Stearns-Kurosawa, D J (2000) The soluble endothelial protein C receptor binds to activated neutrophils: involvement of proteinase-3 and CD11b/CD18. J Immunol 165:4697-703
Esmon, C T; Fukudome, K; Mather, T et al. (1999) Inflammation, sepsis, and coagulation. Haematologica 84:254-9
Yegneswaran, S; Smirnov, M D; Safa, O et al. (1999) Relocating the active site of activated protein C eliminates the need for its protein S cofactor. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study. J Biol Chem 274:5462-8
Esmon, C T; Gu, J M; Xu, J et al. (1999) Regulation and functions of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Haematologica 84:363-8
Smirnov, M D; Ford, D A; Esmon, C T et al. (1999) The effect of membrane composition on the hemostatic balance. Biochemistry 38:3591-8
Rezaie, A R; He, X; Esmon, C T (1998) Thrombomodulin increases the rate of thrombin inhibition by BPTI. Biochemistry 37:693-9
He, X; Ye, J; Esmon, C T et al. (1997) Influence of Arginines 93, 97, and 101 of thrombin to its functional specificity. Biochemistry 36:8969-76
Yegneswaran, S; Wood, G M; Esmon, C T et al. (1997) Protein S alters the active site location of activated protein C above the membrane surface. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study of topography. J Biol Chem 272:25013-21

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