Our overall goal is to determine how circadian rhythms of behavior are generated. In previous work on this project we identified and characterized molecular mechanisms of the endogenous circadian clock in Drosophila. We also initiated studies to identify the mechanisms that carry time of day cues from the clock and transmit them through the brain. Specifically, we identified output neurons that are required for rhythmic rest:activity and connect anatomically to central clock neurons. These output neurons include the Dorsal Neuron 1 (DN1) group, which contains a clock, and two non-clock clusters in the pars intercerebralis (PI), a region of neurosecretory cells equivalent to the mammalian hypothalamus. The two PI clusters that regulate circadian rhythms of rest:activity secretes the neuropeptides DH44 and SIFamide respectively. We found that DH44 is required for behavioral rhythms, but a role for SIFamide has not been determined yet. Interestingly, the DN1s have also been associated with the function or expression of known circadian output molecules, narrow abdomen and unpaired. In addition, our preliminary data indicate that another output molecule, Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), is required in DN1s for rest:activity rhythms. We also find that neural activity cycles with a 24 hour rhythm in DN1 and DH44 cells. Thus, we have started to place molecular components in the cellular substrates we identified, and develop assays to monitor the transmission of rhythmic signals through the network. We hypothesize that time-of-day cues generated in central clock cells are transmitted through DN1s to drive rhythmic activity in the PI, which then controls rest:activity rhythms through release of specific neuropeptides. We propose to: (1) Address the significance of rhythmic activity in the DN1s and determine which clock cells and output molecules are required for this rhythm. (2) Identify the upstream components in clock cells that drive rhythmic activity in the DH44 cells, and determine if DH44 acts rhythmically. (3) Address a role for SIFamide in rest:activity rhythms and identify other PI molecules relevant for rest:activity rhythms. Together these studies are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network and cellular circuit that generates a behavioral rhythm. Given known conservation of clock mechanisms and molecules from flies to humans, these studies will likely be relevant for our understanding of human rhythms, which are critical for normal behavior and physiology. These studies will also provide general insight into the maintenance and function of neural circuits, which are impaired in several neurological disorders.

Public Health Relevance

Circadian rhythms pervade all aspects of physiology and behavior. Disruption of these rhythms, which may be caused by many conditions including shift work, has been associated with sleep problems, cognitive impairment and even tumor growth (Zelinski et al., 2014; Fu et al., 2002; Toh et al., 2001; Xu et al., 2005). An understanding of th mechanisms that drive these rhythms is expected to lead to the development of treatments for rhythm dysfunction. This proposal focuses on the circuits that drive rest:activity rhythms and so it also has implications for understanding how circuits drive behavior. Many neurological disorders, such as stroke and epilepsy, include impaired circuit function (Small et al., 2013; Goldberg and Coulter, 2013).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37NS048471-12
Application #
9235322
Study Section
Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms and Sleep Study Section (NNRS)
Program Officer
He, Janet
Project Start
2005-02-01
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2017-03-01
Budget End
2018-02-28
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Barber, Annika F; Sehgal, Amita (2018) Cold Temperatures Fire up Circadian Neurons. Cell Metab 27:951-953
Zhang, Shirley L; Yue, Zhifeng; Arnold, Denice M et al. (2018) A Circadian Clock in the Blood-Brain Barrier Regulates Xenobiotic Efflux. Cell 173:130-139.e10
Sehgal, Amita (2018) Flies come through again, period. J Clin Invest 128:108-109
Hsu, Cynthia T; Sehgal, Amita (2018) Circadian and Sleep Circuits Ring Together. Neuron 100:514-516
Shakhmantsir, Iryna; Nayak, Soumyashant; Grant, Gregory R et al. (2018) Spliceosome factors target timeless (tim) mRNA to control clock protein accumulation and circadian behavior in Drosophila. Elife 7:
Bai, Lei; Lee, Yool; Hsu, Cynthia T et al. (2018) A Conserved Circadian Function for the Neurofibromatosis 1 Gene. Cell Rep 22:3416-3426
King, Anna N; Sehgal, Amita (2018) Molecular and circuit mechanisms mediating circadian clock output in the Drosophila brain. Eur J Neurosci :
King, Anna N; Barber, Annika F; Smith, Amelia E et al. (2017) A Peptidergic Circuit Links the Circadian Clock to Locomotor Activity. Curr Biol 27:1915-1927.e5
Sehgal, Amita (2017) Physiology Flies with Time. Cell 171:1232-1235
Dubowy, Christine; Sehgal, Amita (2017) Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 205:1373-1397

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