The corneal endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining corneal transparency. Unlike in other species, the human corneal endothelium is notorious for its limited proliferative capacity in vivo after diseases, injury, aging, and surgery Persistent corneal endothelial dysfunction leads to sight-threatening bullous keratopathy. Presently, the only solution to restore vision in eyes inflicted with bullous keratopathy relies upon transplantation of a cadaver donor cornea containing a healthy corneal endothelium. Due to a severe global shortage of donor corneas, in conjunction with an increasing trend toward transplanting only the corneal endothelium in procedures collectively termed """"""""endothelial keratoplasties,"""""""" it is timely and paramount to develop a tissue engineering strategy to produce surgical grafts containing human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs). Using our reported in vitro model system, in which the mitotic block is mediated by contact inhibition when cell junctions mature, we have shown that the conventional engineering methods using EDTA/bFGF to generate single HCECs activates -catenin/Wnt signaling and the loss of the normal HCEC phenotype to endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, our novel engineering method based on transient knockdown by p120 catenin (p120) and Kaiso siRNAs unlocks the mitotic block by activating p120/Kaiso signaling but not -catenin/Wnt signaling. We have further optimized this p120-Kaiso knockdown regimen by switching to a serum-free medium containing bFGF and LIF and discovered that our method further activates RohA-ROCK-canonical BMP signaling to reprogram HCECs to neural-crest like progenitors which proliferates to maintain the normal HCEC phenotype without EMT. Consequently, our novel tissue engineering technology can successfully produce from Descemet membrane stripped from 1/8 of the corneoscleral rim (normally discarded after conventional corneal transplantation) one HCEC monolayer with a hexagonal shape, comparable in vivo cell density, and an average size of 11.0 ? 0.6 mm in diameter. That is, the technology will add at least an additional 8 transplantable grafts per one donor cornea. In this Phase II application, we propose to establish reproducible GMP engineering of HCEC grafts on an implantable collagen membrane, with a new packing system to transport these grafts (Aim 1), and to examine the safety and efficacy of these engineered HCEC grafts through the surgical procedure of DMEK in an in vivo NIH mini pig model of endothelial dysfunction (Aim 2). Completion of these two Aims will allow the Company to gather sufficient pre-clinical data needed for an IND submission to the FDA. Ultimately, the Company can capture a unique market opportunity by fulfilling an unmet global need. One day, this new tissue engineering technology can also be deployed to engineer other similar monolayer tissues such as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for submacular transplantation in treating retinal blinding diseases characterized by dysfunctional RPE. Furthermore, successful commercialization of this technology will stimulate the scientific community to re-think how """"""""contact inhibition"""""""" can safely be perturbed to our benefit, i.e., by maintaining the normal phenotype, and whether this new regenerative approach can circumvent the need to reprogramming directly from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells.

Public Health Relevance

This Phase II application proposes to develop a novel strategy of engineering human corneal endothelium based on selective activation of p120 catenin-Kaiso-RhoA-ROCK-canonical BMP signaling using interference RNA technology targeted at p120-catenin and Kaiso. During Phase I, we gathered strong preliminary data supporting the plausibility of further expanding human corneal endothelial monolayers by optimizing the knockdown regimen in a serum-free medium containing bFGF and LIF to generate at least 8 transplantable HCEC monolayers from one donor rim. Successful completion of the Phase II project will allow the Company to gather sufficient pre-clinical data fo an IND submission to the FDA, so we can capture the commercial value of this new tissue engineering technology to fulfill a global shortage of donor cornea for restoring sight in patients suffering from bullous keratopathy due to dysfunctional human corneal endothelium.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Small Business Innovation Research Grants (SBIR) - Phase II (R44)
Project #
2R44EY022502-02
Application #
8780006
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-ETTN-G (12))
Program Officer
Wujek, Jerome R
Project Start
2012-06-01
Project End
2016-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$618,105
Indirect Cost
Name
Tissuetech, Inc.
Department
Type
DUNS #
167232888
City
Miami
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
33173
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Tseng, Scheffer C G (2016) HC-HA/PTX3 Purified From Amniotic Membrane as Novel Regenerative Matrix: Insight Into Relationship Between Inflammation and Regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57:ORSFh1-8
Tseng, Scheffer C G; He, Hua; Zhang, Suzhen et al. (2016) Niche Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Relationship between Inflammation and Regeneration. Ocul Surf 14:100-12
Zhu, Ying-Ting; Tighe, Sean; Chen, Shuang-Ling et al. (2015) Engineering of Human Corneal Endothelial Grafts. Curr Ophthalmol Rep 3:207-217
Liu, Xin; Tseng, Scheffer C G; Zhang, Ming-Chang et al. (2015) LIF-JAK1-STAT3 signaling delays contact inhibition of human corneal endothelial cells. Cell Cycle 14:1197-206
Zhu, Ying-Ting; Li, Fu; Han, Bo et al. (2014) Activation of RhoA-ROCK-BMP signaling reprograms adult human corneal endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 206:799-811
Zhu, Ying-Ting; Han, Bo; Li, Fu et al. (2014) Knockdown of both p120 catenin and Kaiso promotes expansion of human corneal endothelial monolayers via RhoA-ROCK-noncanonical BMP-NF?B pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55:1509-18