We propose to define and characterize protein interactions and protein conformational states relevant toaging and disease processes. A starting point for the interaction studies will be a large protein interactionnetwork involving human orthologs of proteins known to increase longevity when mutated in models systemsof aging. This scale-free network, generated using high throughput yeast two-hybrid methods, includes 2,172human proteins interacting with 165 known longevity proteins in 3,219 highly interconnected unique binarypairs. Because of their interaction with known longevity proteins, these 2,172 are considered to be novelcandidate longevity proteins. Analysis of genes encoding known and candidate longevity proteins show thatthey are highly enriched for genes whose expression changes during human aging (according to microarraydata generated from young and old human muscle tissue). The 'longevity interactome' will be mined usingbioinformatic methods and novel longevity genes derived from the network will be validated using C. eleganslife span assays.A complementary approach to discovering novel proteins involved in aging will be to use mass spectrometrybasedproteomic methods to discover proteins that become insoluble over time, in aging and disease. Wewill determine the content of the SDS insoluble fraction of the proteome in aging model organisms, agingmouse tissues and brains from mouse models of neurological disease. Proteins found to partition intoinsoluble states during aging and/or disease will be investigated further for possible functional roles in theseprocesses using invertebrate and mouse models.
Specific Aim 1. To discover and characterize novel genes relevant to longevity using an agingprotein interaction network. We will mine an existing protein interaction network to identify novel proteininvolved in aging and longevity. Candidate proteins will be prioritized using informatic methods, compared toage-specific microarray datasets and validated experimentally in model organisms of aging. Proteinsvalidated as having roles in aging will be studied further using MS-based proteomic methods.
Specific Aim 2. To develop proteome-scale maps of age-dependent changes in protein solubility.We will use MS-based methods to determine which proteins become insoluble in an age-dependent manner.This will be done in aging yeast, nematodes and tissues from aging and diseased mice (e.g. brain andmuscle). Kinetics of changes in protein solubility will be tested in long-lived mutant yeast and nematodes andalso in genetic models of late-onset neurodegeneration (e:g. AD, HD and PD mouse models). Proteinsshown to be susceptible to age-dependent and disease-dependent insolubility will be functionallycharacterized in appropriate invertebrate, cell-based and mouse models of aging and disease.
