The displacement of water from a protein surface upon the binding of a drug has a significant, if not dominant, contribution to the free energy of recognition, and hence plays a significant role in determining drug potency and specificity. Despite the importance of water in mediating drug- protein interactions, commonly used structure-based models do not explicitly treat water as a molecule. Instead, they indirectly hydration effects by categorizing ligand-protein contacts as either hydrophobic or hydrophilic or by modeling water as a continuum. Neither of these approaches accounts for the finite size and directed nature of water's hydrogen bonds, the physics of which is essential for describing the hydration of the diverse environment of confined protein binding sites. The adoption of simplified treatments of water in drug design applications has been made necessary by the complexity of hydration phenomena and the lack of a molecular-based framework for its structural and thermodynamic analysis. In recent years, the PI has been instrumental in developing two methodologies that utilize inhomogeneous fluid solvation theory (IST) to map out solvation structural and thermodynamic properties of water in molecular detail in protein binding sites: 1) A hydration site analysis (HSA) approach, which forms the basis for Schrodinger LLC's WaterMap and 2) A corresponding high-resolution grid- based implementation, GIST, now available in the freely distributed AmberTools. Each of these analysis tools maps out 24 independent measures of structure and thermodynamics. In this proposal we will incorporate solvation structure and thermodynamic maps into virtual screening and lead optimization methodologies to improve our ability to identify and design compounds that bind with high affinity and specificity to a targeted member of a family of proteins. We propose to optimize and apply these methods to two important drug targets: the dopamine receptor D3, a target for the treatment of drug addiction, and the ?-OR opioid receptor, an important target for pain alleviation. We have chosen these receptors because of the challenges of targeting them specifically. Off-target binding often results in either the inability to discover viable drugs (D3) or drugs which have significant undesirable side effects (? -OR). Current methodologies have been ineffective in finding specific binders for these targets. Hence they remain drug targets of significant interest in both academic and industrial settings and the natural choice for the application of the new discovery methodologies proposed here.

Public Health Relevance

This project involves the development, application, and validation of computational methods that exploit high resolution solvation thermodynamic and structural maps to improve screening and lead optimization tools for the discovery and design of compounds that bind with specificity and affinity to a chosen target. These tools will be applied to discover and rationally design lead molecules that bind selectively to the ?-opioid receptor and the Dopamine receptor D3, two important drug targets for the treatment of substance abuse and the mediation of pain respectively. The methods we develop here will be broadly applicable and aid the discovery and design of drugs that bind with higher selectivity to their intended targets thus reducing the risk of adverse side effects.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Continuance Award (SC3)
Project #
5SC3GM095417-08
Application #
9853799
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1)
Program Officer
Bernal, Federico
Project Start
2012-04-10
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2020-03-01
Budget End
2021-02-28
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Herbert H. Lehman College
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
620128301
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10468
Jung, Sang Won; Kim, Minsup; Ramsey, Steven et al. (2018) Water Pharmacophore: Designing Ligands using Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Water. Sci Rep 8:10400
Haider, Kamran; Cruz, Anthony; Ramsey, Steven et al. (2018) Solvation Structure and Thermodynamic Mapping (SSTMap): An Open-Source, Flexible Package for the Analysis of Water in Molecular Dynamics Trajectories. J Chem Theory Comput 14:418-425
Pal, Rajat Kumar; Haider, Kamran; Kaur, Divya et al. (2017) A combined treatment of hydration and dynamical effects for the modeling of host-guest binding thermodynamics: the SAMPL5 blinded challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 31:29-44
Madapa, Sudharshan; Gadhiya, Satishkumar; Kurtzman, Thomas et al. (2017) Synthesis and evaluation of C9 alkoxy analogues of (-)-stepholidine as dopamine receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 125:255-268
Haider, Kamran; Wickstrom, Lauren; Ramsey, Steven et al. (2016) Enthalpic Breakdown of Water Structure on Protein Active-Site Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 120:8743-56
Gadhiya, Satishkumar; Madapa, Sudharshan; Kurtzman, Thomas et al. (2016) Tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids with dopamine and ? receptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 24:2060-71
Wickstrom, Lauren; Deng, Nanjie; He, Peng et al. (2016) Parameterization of an effective potential for protein-ligand binding from host-guest affinity data. J Mol Recognit 29:10-21
Velez-Vega, Camilo; McKay, Daniel J J; Kurtzman, Tom et al. (2015) Estimation of Solvation Entropy and Enthalpy via Analysis of Water Oxygen-Hydrogen Correlations. J Chem Theory Comput 11:5090-102
Nguyen, Crystal N; Cruz, Anthony; Gilson, Michael K et al. (2014) Thermodynamics of Water in an Enzyme Active Site: Grid-Based Hydration Analysis of Coagulation Factor Xa. J Chem Theory Comput 10:2769-2780
Armaiz-Pena, Guillermo N; Allen, Julie K; Cruz, Anthony et al. (2013) Src activation by ?-adrenoreceptors is a key switch for tumour metastasis. Nat Commun 4:1403

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