Alcoholic cirrhosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. One of the key drivers in its pathogenesis is the reduction in hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) expression resulting in the reduction in hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) levels. The reduction in SAMe level leads to several adverse intracellular consequences, which include promoting the inflammatory cascades in immune cells such as macrophages by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. There is extensive preclinical evidence that support the use of SAMe in alcoholic liver disease but human trials using SAMe in alcoholic cirrhosis have not provided clear evidence of efficacy. One large trial conducted in Spain by one of the co-investigators (Dr. Jos Mato) showed SAMe treatment (1200 mg in divided doses for two years) reduced the mortality of less advanced alcoholic cirrhotics but this was done as a post-hoc analysis and no mechanism was investigated. A shorter (six months) trial done in the U.S. was negative but the dropout rate was very high and abstinence was required to stay in the trial, which may have obscured the SAMe effect since placebo group had marked improvement likely due to abstinence. This application involves two academic centers in the United States (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles and Indiana University Hospital), a research institute in Spain (CIC bioGUNE), and NIAAA intramural liver research scientist (Dr. Bin Gao) to examine SAMe in humans with alcoholic cirrhosis. We propose a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial to determine the efficacy of SAMe and its mechanistic effects in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in the real world setting by encouraging but not requiring abstinence. In addition, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism(s) of SAMe and use novel metabolomics to follow response to treatment and examine if baseline metabolomics profiles correlate with response to SAMe.
Two specific aims are proposed:
Aim 1 : we will perform a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study between SAMe (1,200 mg/day given in two divided dose) and placebo, in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (Child class A and B) for 24 months. The primary endpoint will be the mortality of any causes between groups. The key secondary endpoints are the changes in intestinal permeability, serum endotoxin, markers of immune cell activations, and liver-specific mortality. Complementary metabolomics using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy at baseline and NMR at the end of the trial will assess response to treatment and whether certain profiles predict response to SAMe.
Aim 2 : we will determine the effect of SAMe treatment on oxidative stress, and ER-stress induced mitochondrial DNA and cytochrome P450 2E1 enriched microparticles. Our application is novel and relevant to an un-met need area of research where no proven effective treatments are available. In addition, our proposal may unveil novel mechanistic insights on the effect of SAMe in alcoholic cirrhosis and the use of metabolomics in personalized treatment of these patients.
Alcoholic cirrhosis is being recognized as an emerging public health concern and one of the leading causes of mortality in the US. The current application seeks to determine the efficacy of S- adenosylmethionine in the treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis, Child class A and B, and its effect on the underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced injury. We will also identify biomarkers that can predict response to treatment.
