The first objective of this application is describe the strengths and successes of the TrialNet Clinical Center at the Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto. The Toronto Clinical Center has shown a high level of recruitment for the TrialNet Natural History of the Development of Type 1 Diabetes Study through its highly capable investigators, Drs. Diane Wherrett and Jeffrey Mahon, providing expertise in diabetes, clinical trials and immunology of type 1 diabetes, its excellent coordinators, institutional support and resources, a productive Canadian affiliate network and extensive local partnerships in the Toronto area. Recruitment to this study ranks 4th of the 14 North American TrialNet Clinical Centers. This center has provided leadership in TrialNet studies: Dr. Mahon, chair of the Natural History Study of the Development of Type 1 Diabetes Study and Dr. Wherrett, chair of the Effects of Recombinant Human Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (rhGAD65) Formulated in Alum (GAD-alum) on the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes in New Onset Subjects Study. It has contributed actively to all of TrialNet's studies to preserve insulin secretion in recent onset diabetes. The second objective is to determine the efficacy and safety of the incretin mimetic exenatide (Byetta(), alone and in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan(), in patients with newly recognized immune-mediated Type 1 Diabetes. The proposal's primary objective will be to test the hypothesis that the combination of exenatide and rituxamab more effectively preserves endogenous insulin secretion compared to either drug alone. The primary outcome will be the area under the stimulated C-peptide curve (AUC) during a 2 hour mixed meal glucose tolerance test one year after study entry. The study will be placebo controlled and double blinded. The rationale for this proposed study combines the immunomodulatory effect of rituximab to reduce beta cell autoimmunity with the beta cell regenerative potential of exenatide to improve insulin secretion. Preserved endogenous insulin secretion has been found to be associated with reduced of rates of the diabetes complications of hypoglycemia, nephropathy and retinopathy.

Public Health Relevance

Finding methods to preserve insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes are crucial in preventing the disease and in reducing the severity in those affected. The combination of rituximab and exenatide has the potential to both reduce the loss of insulin-producing cells and to promote their development. Success of this therapy could result in the improvement of long term health for those with type 1 diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01DK085463-02
Application #
7938033
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDK1-GRB-R (O1))
Program Officer
Leschek, Ellen W
Project Start
2009-09-30
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2010-05-01
Budget End
2011-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$389,015
Indirect Cost
Name
Hospital for Sick Chldrn (Toronto)
Department
Type
DUNS #
208511808
City
Toronto
State
ON
Country
Canada
Zip Code
M5 1-X8
Ismail, Heba M; Xu, Ping; Libman, Ingrid M et al. (2018) The shape of the glucose concentration curve during an oral glucose tolerance test predicts risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61:84-92
Culina, Slobodan; Lalanne, Ana Ines; Afonso, Georgia et al. (2018) Islet-reactive CD8+ T cell frequencies in the pancreas, but not in blood, distinguish type 1 diabetic patients from healthy donors. Sci Immunol 3:
Writing Committee for the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Oral Insulin Study Group; Krischer, Jeffrey P; Schatz, Desmond A et al. (2017) Effect of Oral Insulin on Prevention of Diabetes in Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 318:1891-1902
Sosenko, Jay M; Yu, Liping; Skyler, Jay S et al. (2017) The Use of Electrochemiluminescence Assays to Predict Autoantibody and Glycemic Progression Toward Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals with Single Autoantibodies. Diabetes Technol Ther 19:183-187
Steck, Andrea K; Xu, Ping; Geyer, Susan et al. (2017) Can Non-HLA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Help Stratify Risk in TrialNet Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102:2873-2880
Liu, Y; Rafkin, L E; Matheson, D et al. (2017) Use of self-collected capillary blood samples for islet autoantibody screening in relatives: a feasibility and acceptability study. Diabet Med 34:934-937
Marwaha, A K; Panagiotopoulos, C; Biggs, C M et al. (2017) Pre-diagnostic genotyping identifies T1D subjects with impaired Treg IL-2 signaling and an elevated proportion of FOXP3+IL-17+ cells. Genes Immun 18:15-21
Yip, Linda; Fuhlbrigge, Rebecca; Atkinson, Mark A et al. (2017) Impact of blood collection and processing on peripheral blood gene expression profiling in type 1 diabetes. BMC Genomics 18:636
Ferrara, Christine T; Geyer, Susan M; Evans-Molina, Carmella et al. (2017) The Role of Age and Excess Body Mass Index in Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in At-Risk Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102:4596-4603
Sims, Emily K; Chaudhry, Zunaira; Watkins, Renecia et al. (2016) Elevations in the Fasting Serum Proinsulin-to-C-Peptide Ratio Precede the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 39:1519-26

Showing the most recent 10 out of 46 publications