The long-term objective of the proposed trial, International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA), is to define the role of an invasive approach in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) and substantial ischemia. The trial hypothesis is that cardiac catheterization followed by complete revascularization plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) is superior to OMT alone as the management strategy for patients with moderate-severe ischemia on stress imaging. The primary endpoint will be time to cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or hospitalization for unstable angina, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or heart failure. The hypothesis that the invasive strategy will improve quality of life will also be tested. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed. The COURAGE and BARI 2D trials found that an initial management strategy of coronary revascularization did not reduce the risk of death or MI compared with OMT alone in SIHD patients selected on the basis of coronary anatomy. These data raise the question whether cardiac catheterization (cath) is required in stable patients. Cath in such patients usually leads to revascularization. Although COURAGE and BARI 2D included a broad range of severity of myocardial ischemia on stress testing, most patients had mild-moderate ischemia. Observational data suggest that revascularization of patients with moderate-severe ischemia is associated with a lower likelihood of death and MI;this is not observed in patients with lesser degrees of ischemia. Only about half of patients with moderate-severe ischemia are referred for cath. It is unknown whether use rates for cath and revascularization are appropriate for optimal patient management in the era of modern medical therapy (particularly with high dose statins and antiplatelet therapy). This issue cannot be resolved using available data because prior clinical trials in SIHD have enrolled patients after cath, at which point there is substantial selection bias for enrollment based on coronary anatomy. Given the potential for improved survival and fewer cardiac events as a result of revascularization and the significant expense and risks associated with invasive management, the role of an invasive strategy is critically important to define. Defining that role is among the top 100 US priorities for comparative effectiveness research. The proposed ISCHEMIA trial will be a prospective, multicenter, international, randomized, controlled trial that will directly address the need for an invasive strategy-cath and revascularization-in patients with SIHD. A total of 8,000 patients with moderate-severe ischemia and left ventricular ejection fraction >35% will be enrolled after stress imaging from more than 400 sites. Based on the need to exclude significant left main coronary artery disease, patients who meet eligibility criteria will undergo blinded coronary CT angiography. Patients will be randomized to an invasive group that will undergo routine cath with optimal revascularization, if feasible, plus OMT or to a group that receives OMT alone.

Public Health Relevance

This trial will inform clinicians and patients about a very common question they encounter: when a patient has a moderately to severely abnormal cardiac stress test, is it better to do an invasive angiogram (take a picture of the heart arteries) with the intention of opening or bypassing any blockages with stents or surgery plus optimal medical therapy, or is it better to optimize medical therapy and only consider the angiogram with stents or surgery if symptoms cannot be controlled? If there is a benefit to doing an angiogram and treating with stents or surgery, then clinicians and patients must be made aware of these benefits and put them into practice to prevent bad outcomes like heart attacks and death;if the results show there is no benefit from routine invasive testing, then treatment would begin with only intensive lifestyle change and medication to control symptoms and reduce risk. Either finding could provide much-needed information to guide practice and improve quality of medical care. (End of Abstract)

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
3U01HL105907-02S1
Application #
8735224
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-Y (O2))
Program Officer
Rosenberg, Yves
Project Start
2011-07-22
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2013-09-20
Budget End
2014-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$6,272,137
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
121911077
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10016
ISCHEMIA Trial Research Group; Maron, David J; Hochman, Judith S et al. (2018) International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial: Rationale and design. Am Heart J 201:124-135
Bangalore, Sripal; Maron, David J; Reynolds, Harmony R et al. (2018) ISCHEMIA: Establishing the Primary End Point. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 11:e004791
Maron, David J; Harrington, Robert A; Hochman, Judith S (2018) Planning and Conducting the ISCHEMIA Trial. Circulation 138:1384-1386
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Bagai, Akshay; Alexander, Karen P; Berger, Jeffrey S et al. (2017) Use of troponin assay 99th percentile as the decision level for myocardial infarction diagnosis. Am Heart J 190:135-139
Schulman-Marcus, Joshua; Hartaigh, Bríain Ó; Gransar, Heidi et al. (2016) Sex-Specific Associations Between Coronary Artery Plaque Extent and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: The CONFIRM Long-Term Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 9:364-372
Opolski, Maksymilian P; Staruch, Adam D; Jakubczyk, Michal et al. (2016) CT Angiography for the Detection of Coronary Artery Stenoses in Patients Referred for Cardiac Valve Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 9:1059-1070
Min, James K; Jones, Erica C; Peña, Jessica M (2016) The Future From the Past: A Chance for Change. J Am Coll Cardiol 67:1769-1771
Bangalore, Sripal (2016) Applicability of the COURAGE, BARI 2D, and FREEDOM Trials to Contemporary Practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 68:996-8
Stone, Gregg W; Hochman, Judith S; Williams, David O et al. (2016) Medical Therapy With Versus Without Revascularization in Stable Patients With Moderate and Severe Ischemia: The Case for Community Equipoise. J Am Coll Cardiol 67:81-99

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