Speaking is one of the most complex actions that we perform, yet nearly all of us learn do it effortlessly. The ability to communicate through speech is often described as the unique and defining trait of human behavior. Despite its importance, the basic neural mechanisms that govern our ability to speak fluently remain unresolved. This proposal addresses two fundamental questions at the crossroads of linguistics, systems neuroscience, and biomedical engineering: 1) How are the kinematic and acoustic targets of articulation represented in human speech motor cortex?, 2) What are the coordinated patterns of cortical activation that gives rise to fluent, continuous speech?, and 3) How does prefrontal cortex govern the cognitive inhibitory control of speech (e.g. stopping)? Our studies should greatly advance understanding of how the speech motor cortex encodes the precise control of articulation during speech production as well as determine whether this control system can be harnessed for novel rehabilitative strategies. Three potential areas of impact are: Neurobiology of Language, where results will shed light on neurophysiologic mechanisms of speech motor control; Human Neurophysiology, where insight gained may suggest novel methods for machine learning-based analyses of distributed population neural activity; and Translational NeuroEngineering, where utilization of novel cortical recording technologies at unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution and duration. We propose to investigate the functional organization of the speech motor cortex during controlled vowel and syllable productions, but also from natural, continuous speech. Our methods utilizing safe, high-density, large-scale intracranial electrode recordings in humans represent a significant advancement over current noninvasive neuroimaging approaches. To accomplish this, we must innovate new, integrative approaches to speech motor control research. We have assembled a team with significant multi- disciplinary strengths in neurosurgery, neurology, ethics, computational modeling, machine learning, neuroscience, engineering, and linguistics. The most debilitating aspect of profound paralysis due to trauma, stroke, or disease is loss of the ability to speak, which leads to profound social isolation. Our research leverages foundational knowledge gained during research piloted under a NIH New Innovator (DP2) award. We wish to broaden the impact of our research in the neurobiology of speech motor control.

Public Health Relevance

Discovering the neural mechanisms of speech production has major implications for understanding a large number of communication disorders including mutism, stuttering, apraxia of speech, and aphasia. The proposed research will also have immediate impact on clinical brain mapping procedures for speech.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
3U01NS098971-03S1
Application #
9645876
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1)
Program Officer
Gnadt, James W
Project Start
2016-09-30
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2018-09-30
Budget End
2019-08-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Neurosurgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94118
Conant, David F; Bouchard, Kristofer E; Leonard, Matthew K et al. (2018) Human Sensorimotor Cortex Control of Directly Measured Vocal Tract Movements during Vowel Production. J Neurosci 38:2955-2966
Chartier, Josh; Anumanchipalli, Gopala K; Johnson, Keith et al. (2018) Encoding of Articulatory Kinematic Trajectories in Human Speech Sensorimotor Cortex. Neuron 98:1042-1054.e4
Dichter, Benjamin K; Breshears, Jonathan D; Leonard, Matthew K et al. (2018) The Control of Vocal Pitch in Human Laryngeal Motor Cortex. Cell 174:21-31.e9
Muller, Leah; Rolston, John D; Fox, Neal P et al. (2018) Direct electrical stimulation of human cortex evokes high gamma activity that predicts conscious somatosensory perception. J Neural Eng 15:026015
Chang, Edward F; Kurteff, Garret; Wilson, Stephen M (2018) Selective Interference with Syntactic Encoding during Sentence Production by Direct Electrocortical Stimulation of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus. J Cogn Neurosci 30:411-420
Chiong, Winston; Leonard, Matthew K; Chang, Edward F (2018) Neurosurgical Patients as Human Research Subjects: Ethical Considerations in Intracranial Electrophysiology Research. Neurosurgery 83:29-37
Rao, Vikram R; Leonard, Matthew K; Kleen, Jonathan K et al. (2017) Chronic ambulatory electrocorticography from human speech cortex. Neuroimage 153:273-282
Chang, Edward F (2015) Towards large-scale, human-based, mesoscopic neurotechnologies. Neuron 86:68-78